Farmer

Black Radicals jailed and tortured.

In 1868, Robert Hilliard Farmer and Haywood White were among 11 “d—d black Radicals” crammed into a tiny jail cell, threatened, given meagre portions of over-salted meat and deprived of water, and viciously beaten because they would not support the Democratic party. White’s cry, under torture, that he had already sworn an oath to support the Constitution and the Union hints that the men may have been members of the Union, or Loyal, League, which formed across the South during Reconstruction to mobilize freedmen to register to vote and to vote Republican. About ten days before this story broke in the Raleigh Standard, Bill Grimes, local president of the League, had been jailed in Wilson for allegedly burning down the house of a white man who had shot a black man named David Ruffin.

New-York Tribune, 19 September 1868.

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  • Robert Hilliard Farmer
  • Haywood White

On 14 September 1869, Haywood White, son of Benj. and Selie White, married Martha Daniel, daughter of Dennis and Exie Daniel, in Wilson County.

In the 1870 census of Saratoga township, Wilson County: farm laborer Haywood White, 26; wife Martha, 17; son Robert, 11 months; and Noah Tyson, 21, farm laborer.

Perhaps, in the 1880 census of Jamesville, Martin County, N.C.: laborer Haywood White, 40; wife Martha, 30; and sons Alexandria, 15, and Elisha, 12.

On 13 April 1910, Haywood White, 60, of Black Creek township, married Luetta Oggins, 40, of Black Creek township, at White’s house.

In the 1910 census of Black Creek township, Wilson County: laborer Haywood White, 65, and wife Rosetta, 37. Haywood reported having been married three times; Rosetta, twice.

Haywood White died 14 March 1914 in Black Creek township, Wilson County. Per his death certificate, he was born 22 November 1840 in South Carolina; was married; and worked as a farmer. B.S. Jordan of Wilson was informant.

The Farmer-Cooke wedding.

Journal and Guide (Norfolk, Va.), 17 July 1943.

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  • Quentin A. Farmer

In the 1930 census of Taylors township, Wilson County: Howard Farmer, 52, wife Sarah, 51, and son Quinton, 7.

In the 1940 census of Taylors township, Wilson County: Howard Farmer, 61, wife Sarah, 61, and son Quenten, 17.

In 1942, Quentin Alston Farmer registered for the World War II draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 16 December 1922 in Wilson; lived at Route 2, Elm City; and his contact and employer was father Howard Farmer.

On 21 June 1943, Quenton Farmer, 20, of Elm City, son of Howard and Sarah V. Farmer, married Annie Elizabeth Cooke, 22, of Wilson, daughter of J.L. and Clara R. Cooke, in Wilson. A.M.E. Zion minister William A. Hilliard performed the ceremony in the presence of J.L. Cooke, Charles James, and Carter Foster.

On 4 June 1952, Quentin A. Farmer, 29, of Wilson, son of Howard and Sarah Farmer, married Cecil Chaminade Clinton, 28, of Wilson, daughter of Willie and Lottie Clinton of Silver Spring, Maryland, in Weldon, Halifax County, N.C.

  • Annie E. Cooke

In the 1930 census of Wilson, Wilson County: on Hadley Street, railroad mail clerk Jerry L. Cook, 43; wife Clara, 39, teacher; children Henderson, 20, Edwin D., 18, Clara G., 14, Georgia E., 12, Annie, 8, Jerry L., 6, and Eunice D., 4; sister Georgia E. Wyche, 48, teacher; and nieces Kathaline Wyche, 7, and Reba Whittington, 19.

In the 1940 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 916 East Green Street, railway clerk J.L. Cook, 54, born Wake County; wife Clara, 48, born Craven County; children Henderson J., 30, Clara, 24, Annie, 18, Jerry, 16, and Eunice, 14; and cousin Ella Godette, 18. Henderson and young Clara were born in New Bern; the remaining children in Wilson.

The obituary of Bettie Farmer Lonzie.

Journal and Guide (Norfolk, Va.), 9 June 1934.

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In the 1900 census of Wilson township, Wilson County: Hilliard Farmer, 53; wife Annie, 53; children John, 20, Bettie, 15, Mahaly, 13, Contesta, 12, and Jesse, 11; and grandchildren Lou Genie, 14, and Eddie, 21.

In the 1920 census of Wilson, Wilson County: William Lonzie, 35; wife Bettie, 33; children Paul, 16, Willis, 13, and Bertha, 11; and lodger Solomon Bullock, 33.

In the 1930 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 305 North Hackney, rented for $16/month, grocery store salesman William Lonze, 44; wife Bittie, 43, laundress; and daughter Alberta, 21.

Bettie Lonzie died 20 May 1934 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was 47 years old; was born in Wilson County to Hilliard Farmer and Bobie Mason; was married to William Lonzie; lived at 803 East Nash Street; and was buried in Wilson.

The obituary of Turner Gray Farmer.

Wilson Daily Times, 2 May 1939.

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In the 1900 census of Wilson, Wilson County: drayman Jefferson Farmer, 40; wife Blanch, 28; and children May, 12, Turner, 11, Jesse, 8, Charley, 4, and Gola, 2.

In the 1910 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 615 Hines Street, Jeff Farmer, 50; wife Blanch, 37; and children Turner, 20, Jessie, 16, Charlie, 13, Goler, 10, Jeff Jr., 7, Henry, 3, Allice, 2, and Gola, 1.

In 1917, Turner Farmer registered for the World War I draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 23 November 1891 in Wilson; lived on West Nash Street; was married; and worked as a butler for S.H. Anderson.

On 6 April 1929, Turner Gray Farmer, 38, of Wilson, son of Jeff and Blanche Farmer, married Emma Simms, 27, of Wilson, daughter of Will and Mary Simms, at the courthouse in Wilson.

In the 1930 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 901 East Nash, in the household of warehouse proprietor Selba H. Anderson, servants Carrie Melton, 48, cook, Turner Farmer, 38, chauffeur, and his wife Emma, 36, maid.

Turner Gray Farmer died 2 May 1939 in Wilson. Per his death certificate, he was 50 years old; was born in Wilson, N.C., to Jeff Farmer and Blanch Gay; lived at 901 West Nash Street; was married to Emma Farmer; worked as a chauffeur; and was buried in Wilson [probably, Vick Cemetery.]

Application for military headstone for Turner Farmer.

In memoriam: James E. Farmer Jr. (1933-2025).

My childhood “village” has lost another father — James Edward Farmer Jr. Mr. Farmer and my dad were members of Darden High School’s beloved Class of 1952, and I last saw him at my father‘s funeral in 2022. He had deep, deep Wilson County roots, and I’ve written of his childhood home and his Farmer, Barnes, and Hunter-Whitehead kin.

My deepest condolences to his wife of nearly 67 years (and childhood sweetheart), Marian Sewell Farmer; his sons James Edward III and Allegro M. Farmer; his grandson James Edward IV; and all who loved him.

Top photo courtesy of the family; bottom photos from 1952 Darden High School yearbook.

The obituary of Josh Farmer.

Wilson Daily Times, 7 March 1950.

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In the 1880 census of Taylor township, Wilson County: Edward Farmer, 22, hireling on farm; wife Sarah, 23; and children Cora, 3, and Joshuway, 9 months.

On 24 December 1905, Joshua Farmer, 25, of Taylor township, son of Ed Farmer (living in Georgia) and Sarah Farmer (deceased), married Mattie Lucas [Locus], 21, daughter of Margaret Ann Lucas [Locus], at Lenora Taylor’s in Taylor township, Wilson County.

In the 1910 census of Taylor township, Wilson County: Joshwa Farmer, 27; wife Mattie, 24; sons William A., 2, and Luthur, 4 months; cousin Alice Taylor, 16; 2nd cousin Annie M. Taylor, 15 months.

In the 1920 census of Oldfields township, Wilson County: Josh Farmer, 42; wife Mattie, 35; and children William A., 12, Luther, 9, Johia [sic] W., 6, Warneda, 4, Lonnie D., 2, and Baby, 6 months.

In the 1930 census of Oldfields township, Wilson County: Josh Farmer, 51; wife Mattie, 46; and children William A., 21, Josh W., 17, Waneta, 14, Lonnie D., 12, Robert, 10, Albert H., 6, and J.C., 3.

In the 1940 census of Taylor township, Wilson County: Jack Farmer, 59; wife Mattie, 55; and children Authur, 24, Jack Jr., 23, Robert, 20, Harry, 16, J.C., 13, and Juanita Barnes, 22, and her children Mattie Lee, 3, and Marjorie, 1.

In 1944, J.C. Farmer registered for the World War II draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 20 October 1926 in Wilson County; lived at Route 1, Sims; worked for J.T. Dew; and his contact was Josh Farmer.

Josh O. Farmer died 4 March 1950 in Taylor township, Wilson County. Per his death certificate, he was born 5 June 1882 in Wilson County to Ed Farmer and Sallie [no maiden name]; was married; worked as a tenant farmer; and was buried in Farmer family cemetery. Mattie Farmer was informant.

The sale of Huldah, Hilliard, Alex, Fortune, Clarkie, Amos, Hardy, Rose, and Peg.

We have seen the will of Moses Farmer Sr., executed in 1844, and documents from his estate file, which was opened after his death in 1848. These records include references by name to 35 enslaved people.

Perhaps sensing failing health, Farmer was making moves to divest himself of property even before he made out his will. On 2 February 1843, Farmer gave his son Larry D. Farmer 320 acres on Buck Branch and Toisnot Swamp, as well as nine enslaved people — Huldah, Hilliard, Alex, Fortune, Clarkie, Amos, Hardy, Rose, and Peg. The deed of sale does not list their ages or relationships.

Deed Book 23, page 268, Edgecombe County Register of Deeds Office, Tarboro, North Carolina.

Recommended reading, no. 23: In the Pines.

We’ve read of J.C. Farmer, shot to death by a posse in his mother’s yard in 1946. The official version of the altercation that led to Farmer’s murder has never sat right with me, and Hale’s searing work helps me understand my discomfort. In this award-winning work, Hale explores white supremacy, violence, (in)justice, and her own family’s role in the murder of an unarmed Black man in piney-woods Mississippi.

Man walks eight miles to kill his neighbor.

Pittsburgh Courier, 8 February 1941.

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  • Herbert Bynum

Perhaps, in the 1940 census of Rocky Mount township, Edgecombe County, North Carolina: Herbert Bynum, 26, bottling company laborer, in the household of Mary Battle.

In 1940, Herbert Bynum registered for the World War II draft in Elm City, Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 7 June 1913 in Wilson County; lived in Sharpsburg, Wilson County; his contact was friend Claude Albritton; and he was unemployed.

On 1 September 1940, Herbert Bynum, 27, of Edgecombe County, son of Joe and Emma Bynum, married Mary Lee Ellis, 17, of Wilson County, daughter of Robert and Ida Ellis, at Herbert Bynum’s home in Number 14 township, Edgecombe County. Missionary Baptist minister J.W. Fuller performed the ceremony in the presence of Dempsey Batts and Sam Wright of Sharpsburg and Robert Ellis of Elm City.

Herbert Bynum died 9 February 1962 in Chapel Hill, Orange County, North Carolina. Per his death certificate, he was born 6 June 1913 to Joe Bynum and Mary McMillon; his usual residence was Sharpsburg, Nash County; he had never been married [sic]; and he was buried in Poplar Springs Cemetery, Sharpsburg.

[Note: a different Herbert Bynum, born about 1910, is found in Orange County records. He died in 1980.]

  • Adam Farmer

In the 1910 census of Toisnot township, Wilson County: Edmond Farmer, 49; wife Elvia, 26; and children Tena, 16, Minnie, 14, Della, 12, Luke, 11, James, 8, Adam, 6, Lowd, 4, and Isabella, 3 months.

In the 1920 census of Toisnot township, Wilson County: Ed Farmer, 57; wife Elva, 38; and children Lossie, 20, Minnie, 19, Mary Della, 18, Luke, 17, Adam, 15, Lode, 14, Isabla, 12, Lizzie, 10, Thad, 8, Ed B., 5, Annie, 3, and Ed Jr., 8 months.

In the 1940 census of Toisnot township, Wilson County: farm laborer Adam Farmer, 33; wife Dorothy, 24; children Vanzella, 2, and Frank Alton, 9 months; and mother-in-law Etta Ruffins, 70, widow.

In 1940, Adam Farmer registered for the World War II draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 15 May 1916 in Edgecombe County, N.C.; lived at Route 2, Elm City; his contact was mother Elva Campbell Farmer, Scotland Neck, Halifax County, N.C.; and he worked for Raleigh Granite Company, Sims, N.C.

Adam Farmer died 27 January 1941 in Toisnot township, Wilson County, of “gunshot wound of chest.” Per his death certificate, he was born 13 May 1905 in Wilson County to Ed Farmer and Elvie Campbell; was married to Dicey Ward Farmer; resided in Sharpsburg, Wilson County; worked as a laborer; and was buried in Williams Cemetery. Load Farmer was informant.