Simms

The last will and testament of Zilpha Daniel (1862).

In her 20 May 1862 will, Zilpha Daniel bequeathed her son-in-law George A. Wooley an enslaved man named Prince. The remainder of the group of people she enslaved were to go to her four living children jointly.

In the 1860 slave schedule, Daniel had reported to the enumerator that she enslaved 14 people — men and boys aged 2 months to 39 years and women and girls aged 1 year to 39 years — who lived in four houses.

1860 slave schedule, Wilson County, North Carolina.

Daniel died shortly after executing her will. An inventory of her property, conducted 5 August 1862, names the 14 people she enslaved — Prince, Hannah, Pheby, Dennis, Telitha, Lucy, Fanny, Charles, Malissa, Rosa, Caroline, Frank, Jerome, and Jesse.

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  • Prince Daniel

Prince Daniel was probably the 39 year-old black man listed in the 1860 slave schedule. His wife and children were enslaved on another farm.

On 31 August 1866, Prince Daniel and Absely Simms registered their 16-year cohabitation with a Wilson County justice of the peace.

In the 1870 census of Crossroads township, Wilson County: farm laborer Prince Daniel, 55; wife Absley, 40; and son (grandson?) Isaac, 13.

In the 1880 census of Crossroads township, Wilson County: farmer Prince Daniel, 67, and wife Absley, 44. (Next door: farm laborer Isaac Daniel, 23; wife Zilla, 24; and daughters Virginia, 5, Ella Jane, 3, and Mobelia, 3 months.)

  • Hannah Daniel Simms

Hannah Daniel Simms was probably the 39 year-old black woman listed in the 1860 slave schedule. Her husband was enslaved on another farm, but her children belonged to Zilpha Daniel.

On 24 July 1866, Hanner Daniel and Harry Simms registered their 27-year cohabitation with a Wilson County justice of the peace.

In the 1870 census of Stantonsburg township, Wilson County: farmer Harry Simms, 64; wife Hannah, 50; children Emily, 19, Caroline, 15, Frank, 13, and Jesse, 8; and Junah Acock, 2.

In the 1880 census of Stantonsburg township, Wilson County: farmer Harry Simms, 70; wife Hannah, 65; children Lissa, 28, Rose, 26, Jesse, 19, Mille, 18, and Henry, 9; and grandchildren Andrew, 7, Ira, 4, and Louvinia, 1.

On 29 April 1889, Johnnie Woodard, 21, son of Mintos and Sarah Ward, married Rose Ward, 34, daughter of Harry and Hannah Simms, in Wilson County.

On 25 February 1893, Rosana Simms, 30 [sic], daughter of Harry and Hannah Simms, married George Lee, 40, son of Eli and Jane Lee, in Wilson County.

Rosanna Lee died 21 March 1917 in Wilson township, Wilson County. Per her death certificate, she was 58 years old; was born in Wilson County to Harry Simms and Harry Best; was married; and was buried in Wilson County. Lola Woodard was informant.

Malissie Bunch died 16 August 1923 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was 66 years old; was born in Wilson County to Harry and Hannah Simms; was the widow of Ned Bunch; lived at 409 Banks; and was buried in Wilson [probably, Vick Cemetery.] Lucy Williams was informant.

  • Phoebe Daniel Bass

In 1866, Phoebe Daniel and Simon Bass registered their ten-year cohabitation with a Wilson County justice of the peace.

  • Dennis Daniel

Dennis Daniel was probably the 16 year-old black boy listed in the 1860 slave schedule. He was the son of Hannah and her husband Harry Simms.

On 24 July 1869, Dennis Daniel, son of Harry and Hannah Simms, married Zilphia Aycock, daughter of Washington Woodard and Chaney Peacock, in Wilson County.

In the 1870 census of Black Creek township, Wilson County: farm laborer Dennis Daniel, 27; wife Zilphia, 18; and daughter Ella, 1.

In the 1880 census of Black Creek township, Wilson County: common laborer Denis Daniel, 37; wife Zilpha, 28; and daughters Ella, 9, Viny, 7, and Minnie, 2.

  • Lucy Simms Woodard

Lucy Simms Woodard was probably the 19 year-old black woman listed in the 1860 slave schedule. She was the daughter of Hannah and her husband Harry Simms.

Lucy Woodard died 29 June 1934 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, he was 94 years old; was born Wilson County to Harry Simms and Hannah Simms; lived at 1202 East Washington; was the widow of Rufus Woodard; and was buried in Wilson [likely Vick Cemetery.] Annie Howell of Wilson was informant.

  • Fanny Daniel Woodard

Fannie Daniel Woodard was probably the 18 year-old black woman listed in the 1860 slave schedule.

In 1866, Jack Woodard and Fany Daniel registered their two-year cohabitation with a Wilson County justice of the peace.

In the 1880 census of Black Creek township, Wilson County: farmer Jack Woodard, 35; wife Fannie, 32; and children John, 12, Julia, 7, Cynthia, 6, Albert, 5, and Aaron, 2.

On 6 January 1890, John Woodard, 21, son of Jack and Fannie Woodard, married Edmonia Brooks, 19, daughter of Gray and Darkis Brooks, in Wilson County.

On 12 February 1890, Dock Evans, 23, son of Burket and Julia Evans, married Deora Woodard, 19, daughter of Jack and Fannie Woodard, in Wilson County.

On 8 March 1906, Gus Woodard, 23, son of Jack and Fannie Woodard, married Lizzie Brooks, 18, daughter of David and Ret Brooks, in Black Creek, N.C.

Diarie Batts died 29 July 1924 in Black Creek township, Wilson County. Per her death certificate, she was about 52 years old; was married to John Batts; was born in Wilson County to Jack Woodard and Fannie Simms; and worked as a tenant farmer for P.L. Woodard.

Augustus Woodard Sr. died 13 August 1951 in Black Creek township, Wilson County. Per his death certificate, he was born 1 March 1883 in Black Creek, N.C., in Jack Woodard and Fannie [no maiden name]; was a widow; was a tenant farmer; and was buried in Black Creek. Daisy Adams was informant.

Steve Lee Woodard died 26 October 1966 in Chapel Hill, N.C. Per his death certificate, he was born 24 February 1884 in Wilson to Jack Woodard and Fanny Woodard; lived in Sharpsburg, Edgecombe County, N.C.; and was buried in Rest Haven Cemetery, Wilson.

Harriett Dawson died 25 September 1967 in at her home at 311 Freeman Street, Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was born 30 August 1893 in Wilson County in Jack Woodard and Fannie Simms; was married to Vanderbilt Dawson; worked in a tobacco factory; and was buried in the Masonic Cemetery. Easter Dawson was informant.

  • Charles Simms

Charles Simms was probably the 12 year-old black boy listed in the 1860 slave schedule. He was probably the son of Hannah and her husband Harry Simms.

On 16 August 1869, Charley Simms, son of Harry and Hannah Simms, married Liza Hall, daughter of Charley Hall, in Wilson County.

In the 1870 census of Stantonsburg township, Wilson County: farm laborer Charles Simms, 21; wife Clara, 20; and daughter Margaret, 2 months (next door to Harry and Hannah Simms, above.)

In the 1880 census of Town of Wilson, Wilson township, Wilson County: grocery store [keeper] Charles Simms, 30; wife Clara, 27; and children Margarett, 10, and Franklin, 7.

  • Malissa Simms Bunch

Malissa Simms Bunch was the daughter of Hannah and her husband Harry Simms.

In the 1880 census of Stantonsburg township, Wilson County: farmer Harry Simms, 70; wife Hannah, 65; children Lissa, 28, Rose, 26, Jesse, 19, Mille, 18, and Henry, 9; and grandchildren Andrew, 7, Ira, 4, and Louvinia, 1.

On 13 December 1883, Ed Bunch married Lissie Simms in Wayne County, North Carolina.

In the 1900 census of Wilson, Wilson County: teamster Ned Bunch, 50, wife Lissa, 50, and children Mary, 16, Martha, 12, Orra, 11, Nellie, 9, Mattie, 7, and Lucy, 5.

In the 1910 census of Wilson, Wilson County: on Spring Street, odd jobs laborer Ned Bunch, 55; wife Mary [sic], 55; and children Martha, 23, Ora, 21, Willie, 19, Mattie, 15, and Lucy, 13, all factory laborers.

Ned Bunch died 19 March 1916 in Wilson of lobar pneumonia, age 65. His death certificate reports that he was born in Wilson County, and his father was James Bunch. Malissa Bunch was the informant.

Martha Robbins died 12 October 1918 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was born in 1887 in Wilson County to Ned Bunch and Malissa Simms; was married to Jas. D. Robbins; and was buried in Wilson [probably, Vick Cemetery.]

Mary Newton died 9 March 1919 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was born April 1885 in Wilson to Ned Bunch and Malissy Simms; was married to Robert Newton; was a tenant farmer for L.O. Blackman; and was buried in Wilson [probably, Vick Cemetery.]

Malissie Bunch died 16 August 1923 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was 66 years old; was born in Wilson County to Harry and Hannah Simms; was the widow of Ned Bunch; lived at 409 Banks; and was buried in Wilson [probably, Vick Cemetery.] Lucy Williams was informant.

On 23 October 1923, James Thompson [sic], 24, of Wilson, son of Isaac and Lizzie Thompson, married Ora Bunch, 23, of Wilson, daughter of Ned and Malissie Bunch, at Ned Bunch’s residence. Missionary Baptist minister Fred M. Davis performed the ceremony in the presence of Mina Crawford, H.D. Beckwith, and Paul Hargrove.

  • Rosa Simms Ward Lee

Rosa Simms was probably the 1 year-old black girl listed in the 1860 slave schedule. She was the daughter of Hannah and her husband Harry Simms.

On 29 April 1889, Johnnie Woodard, 21, son of Mintos and Sarah Ward, married Rose Ward, 34, daughter of Harry and Hannah Simms, in Wilson County.

On 25 February 1893, Rosana Simms, 30 [sic], daughter of Harry and Hannah Simms, married George Lee, 40, son of Eli and Jane Lee, in Wilson County.

Rosanna Lee died 21 March 1917 in Wilson township, Wilson County. Per her death certificate, she was 58 years old; was born in Wilson County to Harry Simms and Harry Best; was married; and was buried in Wilson County. Lola Woodard was informant.

Caroline Simms Bunch was probably the 7 year-old black girl listed in the 1860 slave schedule. She was the daughter of Hannah and her husband Harry Simms.

  • Frank Simms

Frank Simms was probably the 3 year-old black boy listed in the 1860 slave schedule. He was the son of Hannah and her husband Harry Simms.

In the 1870 census of Stantonsburg township, Wilson County: farmer Harry Simms, 64; wife Hannah, 50; children Emily, 19, Caroline, 15, Frank, 13, and Jesse, 8; and Junah Acock, 2.

  • Jesse Simms

Jesse Simms was the son of Hannah and her husband Harry Simms.

In the 1870 census of Stantonsburg township, Wilson County: farmer Harry Simms, 64; wife Hannah, 50; children Emily, 19, Caroline, 15, Frank, 13, and Jesse, 8; and Junah Acock, 2.

In the 1880 census of Stantonsburg township, Wilson County: farmer Harry Simms, 70; wife Hannah, 65; children Lissa, 28, Rose, 26, Jesse, 19, Mille, 18, and Henry, 9; and grandchildren Andrew, 7, Ira, 4, and Louvinia, 1.

On 18 February 1886, Jesse Simms, 24, married Anna Farmer, 19, at Polly Farmer‘s in Wilson County.

In the 1900 census of Saratoga township, Wilson County: farmer Jessie Simms, 33; wife Annie, 34; and children William, 7, Martha, 6, Jonah, 2, and Mary, 9 months.

In the 1910 census of Saratoga township, Wilson County: farmer Jesse Simms, 49; wife Annie, 40; and children Willie, 16, Martha, 15, Jonah, 12, Mark, 7, Mike, 4, and Elizabeth, 2.

In the 1920 census of Saratoga township, Wilson County: tenant farmer Jessie Simms, 59; wife Annie, 58; and children Martha, 25, Mike, 14, Lizzie Beth, 12, and Amous, 10.

Jesse Simms died 4 April 1929 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, he was 68 years old; was born in Wilson County to Harry Simms and Hannah Simms; was married to Annie Simms; was a farmer; and was buried in Rountree Cemetery. Mike Simms was informant.

North Carolina Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998, http://www.ancestry.com.

Simms family sued for nonpayment.

Sometime prior to February 1897, Frank I. Finch contracted with Abbie Simms, Joe Simms, and Lee Simms to make repairs on “a house upon their lot in or near the town of Wilson N.C. adjoining the lands of the colored cemetery lot G.W. Suggs and others ….” Finch claimed he completed the work, but the Simmses refused to pay. Finch placed a lien on the property and filed suit claiming $210 in damages, plus interest.

Finch won, and a judge entered a judgment against the Simmses. The county sheriff auctioned off the property on 7 January 1898; Sidney A. Woodard, who had represented the Simmses in the matter, had the winning bid.

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  • Abbie Simms

On 24 April 1894, Abbie McMannon conveyed to Lee Simms and his heirs “one lot or parcel near the Town of Wilson, Wilson County and State of North Carolina, adjoining the lands of Geo. Washington Suggs, Abbie McMannon, and others and bounded as follows: Beginning at a ditch near the Colored Cemetery on the old Barefoot road and … containing 1/5 of an acre more or less …” S.A. Smith witnessed McMannon’s execution of the deed. Deed book 36, page 141, Wilson County Register of Deeds, Wilson.

  • Joe Simms

On 25 December 1889, James Caraway, 50, married Rosa Simms, 17, in Wilson township, Wilson County. Minister Crocket Best performed the ceremony in the presence of Henry Peacock, Joe Simms, and Abbie Simms.

  • Lee Simms

On 12 August 1886, Lee Simms, 26, of Wilson County, son of David and Aby Simms, married Mary Harris, 16, of Wilson County, daughter of Sely Harris, in Wilson County.

On 1 June 1894, Lee and Mary Simms mortgaged the property above to secure a $86.32 loan from James W. McCowan. (The money was for materials to build a house on the lot.)

In the 1900 census of Wilson, Wilson County: on Wainwright Street, brickmason Lee Simes, 35; wife Marry, 30, washing;  and daughters Bessie, 13, tobacco stemmer, and Maggie, 9.

In the 1910 census of Wilson township, Wilson County: on Saratoga Road, Lee Sims, 44; wife Mary, 40, laundress; and daughter Maggie, 18.

In the 1916 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Simms Lee (c) bricklyr h 813 E Nash

In the 1920 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 648 Wainwright, brickmason Lee Sims, 56; wife Mary, 47; daughter Maggie Williams, 25, and son-in-law Sam Williams, 26, presser at pressing club.

In the 1930 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 410 Hadley, brickmason Lee Sims, 66, bricklayer; wife Mary, 60, laundress; and adopted son Clarence Woodard, 6.

Robert Lee Sims died 10 October 1939 in Wilson. Per his death certificate, he was born 9 April 1864 in Wilson, N.C., to David Simms and Abbie Gay; lived at 205 North Vick; was married to Mary Sims; and was buried in Wilson [probably, Vick Cemetery.] Bessie Woodard was informant.

Civil Action Papers, Wilson County, N.C., Court Records 1895-1896, http://www.familysearch.org

410 Hadley Street.

This house stands just outside the bounds of East Wilson Historic District. However, the streets southeast of present-day Hines Street, including Hadley Street, have been an African-American residential area since platted in the early twentieth century.

 

The hip-roofed house at 410 Hadley Street was built before 1922, when this Sanborn fire insurance map was drawn.

In the 1928 and 1930 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directories: Simms Lee (c; Mary L) brklyr h 410 Hadley

In the 1930 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 410 Hadley, owned and valued at $1300, Lee Simms, 66, bricklayer; wife Mary L., 60, laundress; and adopted son Clarence Woodard, 6.

In the 1940 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 410 [Hadley], Charlie Best, 42; wife Adeva, 41; and her children Bertha, 18, Gladys, 15, Rudolph, 13, and Eddie, 3.

In the 1941 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Best Chas (c; Addie; 3) lab h 410 Hadley

In 1944, Charlie Best registered for the World War II draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 12 April 1898 in Piney Grove township, Sampson County, N.C.; he lived at 410 Hadley Street; his contact was brother Howard Best, Bowden, Duplin County, N.C.; and he worked for Contentnea Guano Company. A note on the reverse: “mashed big toe on left foot; very plain to see.”

In the 1950 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 410 [Hadley], Charlie Best, 52, fertilizer plant machine operator; wife Addie E., 51; and grandson Eddie, 14.

Photo by Lisa Y. Henderson, July 2025.

The apprenticeship of Mary Simms (1893).

On 7 February 1893, a Wilson County Probate Court judge ordered 8 year-old Mary Simms bound as an apprentice to Crocket Best until she reached 18 years of age.

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  • Mary Simms
  • Crocket Best

In the 1870 census of Saulston township, Wayne County: farm laborer Crocket Best, 35; wife Caroline, 30; children Hilry, 12, Dennis, 10, Frank, 8, Anjaline, 6, John, 4, and Richard, 6 months; plus Milley, 20, and Bedy Best, 17.

In the 1880 census of New Hope township, Wayne County: farmer Crocket Best, 44; wife Caroline, 42; children Dennis, 20, Franklin, 18, Angeline, 15, John, 12, Richard, 9, Rachel, 6, Mary, 4, and Jamimie, 1; and aunt Rachel Best, 80.

In the 1900 census of Wilson township, Wilson County: carpenter Crocket Best, 64; wife Caroline, 62; daughter Mary, 23; and granddaughters Elizabeth, 2, and Loretta, 8.

In the 1910 census of Wilson, Wilson County: widower Crocket Best, 87; daughter Mamie, 30, cook; grandson Buster B., 5; and Bennett Stanton, 47.

The will and estate of Barnes Simms (1805).

Barnes Simms (1764-1805), the son of Robert and Mary Barnes Simms, lived in the area between Black Creek and Contentnea Creek in what is now Wilson County. He executed a will on 6 September 1805 providing for the distribution of land, livestock, personal property, and people. Simms’ wife Martha was to receive, among other property, a “negroeman” named Laze and two women, Peggy and Agathy.

Further down, another provision encapsulates slaveholders’ purely transactional view of Black lives. Barnes directed that Toby, Hannah, Rose, and Violet remain with his family after his death — “and the benefits of the labour to be applyed to the use of raiseing and schooling of my Children until my son James attains to the age of nineteen years.” And then they were to be sold.

Also, Barnes directed “my negroes Harry, Sue, and Phillis be sold and their value to be applied toward the raising the legacies” elsewhere directed.

Simms died soon after, and his estate entered probate. On 12 December 1805, Etheldred Deberry bought Harry at an estate sale for just over $195 and Sue for $100. Thomas Barrow bought Phillis for $127.

After Simms’ youngest children reached maturity, another sale was set. There, his widow Martha Simms purchased Toby, Rose, and Hannah and three of her children for $1430.

Barnes Simms Will (1805), Estate of Barnes Simms (1808), North Carolina Wills and Probate Records 1665-1998, http://www.ancestry.com.

Mrs. Simms commits an outrage?

Harrisburg Daily Patriot, 22 November 1878.

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I have not identified John Simms or his unnamed wife. Note that she was charged with beating her husband and violating his constitutional rights, but the “couple of white men” who waylaid Simms on the way to the poll, plied him with liquor (apple jack was an apple brandy), and coerced him to vote Democrat went unscathed.

Simms men serve.

Wilson Daily Times, 28 July 1944.

There seems to be a bit of confusion in this account of father and sons serving in World War II. The father was Sargent Ashley Simms, often called Ashley Simms. His sons were Sargent Simms Jr. and Solomon Simms.

U.S. World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947, http://www.ancestry.com.

The last will and testament of Martha Simms.

Born in 1772, Martha Dickinson Simms was the daughter of Shadrach and Keziah Simms Dickinson. At her death in about 1848, Simms lived in an area of Wayne County in or very close to present-day Wilson County. In May 1845, she executed a will that included these provisions:

  • to daughter Elizabeth Whitley, two negro men Cader and Will
  • to daughter Zillah Simms, negro woman Delanah and her children Simon, Charles, Dick and Sara
  • to grandson Willey Simms, Harry, Lucy, Hannah

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Will of Martha Simms, Wayne County, North Carolina Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998, http://www.ancestry.com.

The obituary of Sargent A. Simms of Salisbury, Maryland.

daily Times salisbury md 10 4 62.png

The Daily Times (Salisbury, Maryland), 4 October 1962.

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In the 1900 census of Stantonsburg township, Wilson County: Gemima Simms, 65, farm laborer; mother Mary, 89; and grandchildren Annie, 7, Ashley, 4, and Reubin, 2.

In 1917, Ashley Sims registered for the World War I draft in Wilson County. Per his draft registration, he was born 10 January 1896 in Wilson; lived at R.F.D. 4, Wilson; was single; and worked as a farm laborer for W.I. Condon.

On 24 December 1918, Ashley Simms, 22, of Wilson, son of Needham and Jane Simms, married Effie Spell, 18, of Wilson, daughter of Hugh and Patsy Spell, at the bride’s residence in Wilson. Rubin Ellis applied for the license, and Free Will Baptist minister E.S. Hargrove performed the ceremony in the presence of Whit Lewis, Nathan Weaver, and Frank Hodge.

In the 1920 census of Jackson township, Nash County: on Wilson and Stanhope Road, Ashley Sims, 27, farm laborer, and wife Effie, 23.

On 14 September 1935, Sargent Ashley Simms, 35, of Wilson, N.C., divorced, son of Nedim Simms and Elizabeth Ellis, married Elizabeth Bryant, 21, single, of Northampton County, Virginia, daughter of Richard Bryant and Mary Hargrove, in Cheriton, Northampton County, Virginia.

In 1942, Ashley Simms registered for the World War II draft in Brooklyn, Kings County, New York. Per his registration card, he was born 10 January 1896 in Wilson County; lived at 1521 Pacific Street, Kings County; his contact was Joe Davis, same address; and he worked for P. Savor[?], Chestnut and Fulton Streets, New York.

In the 1950 census of Salisbury, Wicomico County, Maryland: Sargent Simms, 55, born in Virginia [sic], laborer for building contractor.

A second look at five generations.

I’ve obtained a clearer copy of the photograph posted here depicting five generations of women who lived on the lands of and worked for Edwin Barnes or his heirs near Evansdale.

Wilson Daily Times, 20 April 1950.

Unfortunately — and surprisingly — I’m still not able to identify the women with certainty.

Many thanks to J. Robert Boykin III for the clipping.