In Chapter IX, “The Negro Bank and the Moral Uplift,” of The Story of the Negro: the Rise of the Race from Slavery, volume II, Booker T. Washington mentions Daniel C. Suggs:
Honoring the Tuscarora.
Vick manuscripts for sale.
Who bought all these Samuel H. Vick-related manuscripts from Swann Auction Galleries? Where is this material now?
Wilson County’s A.M.E. Zion and A.M.E. churches.
The earliest black churches in Wilson were Baptist, but African Methodist Episcopal Zion missionaries quickly established a foothold in the county. Saint John A.M.E. Zion is one of the oldest black churches of any denomination in Wilson County, and the first generation of college graduates emerged from its attendant private academy. The older African Methodist Episcopal denomination did not take root as quickly or as widely in North Carolina, but at least two churches were founded in Wilson County.
As far as I know, Evansdale mystery aside, no black United Methodist congregations were ever established in Wilson County.
African Methodist Episcopal Zion churches
- Saint John A.M.E. Zion, Wilson
Founded in 1868. Present site at Pender Street purchased in 1880. Wooden church replaced by current handsome brick structure in 1914. Associated with several high-profile pastors in the 19th and early 20th centuries, including Rev. Joseph C. Price, Rev. Owen L.W. Smith, and Rev. R.A.G. Foster.
- Trinity A.M.E. Zion, Wilson
Second oldest active African Methodist Episcopal Zion church in Wilson. First sanctuary  built on land purchased in 1909 on Banks Street from Rev. Smith, former consul to Liberia and A.M.E.Z. presiding elder.
- Saint Stephen’s A.M.E. Zion, Wilson
In 1903, Orren and Hancey Best sold trustees a lot in Grabneck community for construction of Saint Stephen’s. Also known as South Wilson Mission. Per the 1923 report of the Wilson District of the Cape Fear Annual Conference, a 22 foot by 32 foot church was built in 1922. Church is defunct, and precise location is not clear.
- Bethel A.M.E. Zion, Stantonsburg
Founded in 1877. Presently active at 210 West Broad Avenue, Stantonsburg. Bethel’s original site was southeast of Stantonsburg on what is now Peacock Bridge Road. Its old cemetery marks the approximate site.
- A.M.E. Zion, Black Creek
In 1886, A.M.E.Z. trustees bought a lot on “Avenue Street.” Location not now known. This was likely Hardy’s Chapel. Church is defunct.
- Mount Olive A.M.E. Zion Church, Stantonsburg
Active in 1940s. No further information.
- A.M.E. Zion, Wilson
The 1922 Sanborn fire insurance map of Wilson shows an A.M.E. Zion church at 312 Manchester Street, at the corner of East Suggs Street. The 1930 Sanborn map, however, shows this building housing a Christ Disciple Church. No other information is known.

Six miles from Wilson. No further info.
Eight miles from Wilson. No further info.
Perhaps: in 1910, the Colored Methodist Episcopal purchased a lot on Wilson Street, east of the railroad, in Elm City. No further information.
African Methodist Episcopal churches
- Saint Luke A.M.E., Wilson
In 1906, trustees bought a lot on Suggs Street to build an A.M.E. church. Â However, the church was not organized as Saint Luke until 1910. In the 1930s, the congregation moved to a storefront at the corner of Vick and Atlantic Streets and erected its current church building at that site in 1948.
- Saint Paul’s A.M.E., Lucama
On 1 September 1903, the trustees for the A.M.E. Church of Lucama paid $25 for a quarter-acre lot on Main Street in Lucama. The exact location is not clear.
A.M.E.Z. or A.M.E.? (Or maybe C.M.E.?)
- M.E. Church (Negro), Wilson
Shown in the 1913 Sanborn fire insurance map on South Lodge Street, across from Imperial Tobacco. No further identification.
Noah Artis, as imagined.
I am ambivalent about using artificial intelligence to restore photographs. Or, more specifically, I’m concerned about manipulated photographs supplanting original images and further blurring the line between reality and misinformation. However, the allure of AI-enhanced images is strong, as I often contend with blurry, poorly lit photographs in unnatural sepia or black-and-white tones. Photographs whose condition sometimes exacerbates the distance between us and our ancestors.
I have been experimenting with ChatGPT lately, feeding it queries and images to be restored and colorized. The results are somewhat haphazard, with many images weird and off-putting. Other times, the images are breathtakingly sharp and … alive. Black Wide-Awake exists to resurrect forgotten lives, and I believe these images are valuable to help us connect with the men and women we read about in these posts. From time to time, I’ll share the better ones here, clearly marked as AI-generated.
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Noah Artis (1856-1952), farmer.
Doings about town.
Journal and Guide (Norfolk, Va.), 25 July 1931.
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- Martha Spells
- Hartford Bess
- Mary Coley
- Lucy Dawson
- Thelma Giles — in the 1930 census of Wilson, Wilson County: Robert Giles, 30, oil mill laborer; wife Evlyn, 21; and children Thelma, 4, and Alton Lee, 3.
- Assale Giles
- Eva Mae Parker
- Robert Edgar Monroe and Millicent Morgan — grandchildren of Cecilia Norwood, below.
- Pauline Coley and Elma Coley
- Cecilia Norwood
- Grace Sweney — Grace Swinney.
- Carrina Parker
- Light Barriers Club — Light Bearers Club?
- Naomi, Connie, and Mary Frances Freeman
- O.N. Freeman Sr.
- Prof. S.H. Vick
- Dr. W.A. Mitchner
- Rev. J.D. Douglas and family — J.T. Douglas.
- Margarette Lucas
- Tuxus Club
- Mrs. Douglas
- Olga Lee Battle
- Mrs. Yancey and her daughter — Lelia B. Yancey and Maude J. Yancey
- Dr. Sam Vick — Samuel H. Vick Jr.
A candidate for Congress in perilous times.
Cleveland (Oh.) Gazette, 25 October 1902.
After George H. White left Congress in 1901, Democrat Claude Kitchin of Scotland Neck — organizer of the terror-dealing Red Shirts and leader of the 1898 Wilmington Massacre — was elected to represent the black-majority Second District. (Days before the massacre, he proclaimed in an rally: “We cannot outnumber the negroes … And so we must either outcheat, outcount, or outshoot them.”)
Kitchin stood for reelection eleven times, defeating all challengers, including Samuel H. Vick in 1902. With the overwhelming majority of black voters newly disenfranchised, and many of the remaining terrified to exercise the franchise, Vick garnered a paltry four votes, and Kitchin obliterated the field.
The Morning Post (Wilmington, N.C.), 29 November 1902.
Immediately after his re-election, Kitchin joined the call to remove Vick from his position as postmaster.
Newton (N.C.) Enterprise, 12 December 1902.
1306 East Nash Street, re-visited.
I surely passed Clarence B. Best‘s house-cum-atelier thousands of times in my child- and young adulthood, but I have no memory of this display of his wares in his front yard as shown in this 1980 photograph. In this era, Nash Street cut right in front of his house.Â


Houses, 700-1407 E. Nash Street, East Wilson Historic District, Wilson, Wilson County, Survey and National Register Branch, State Historic Preservation Office, Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and Records, Raleigh.
The hire of Walter Mitchell.
Convict leasing never took hold in Wilson County the way it did in the deeper South (or even western North Carolina), but it nevertheless was a system of forced penal labor available to those who wanted and could afford to take advantage of it.
Below, in November 1896, Paul Lee Woodard and William Woodard Jr. agreed to pay the Wilson County Commissioners six dollars per month to lease Walter Mitchell, “a prisoner in the County Jail,” for one year. If Mitchell failed to “do his duty,” he could be returned to county custody. The arrangement meant (1) the county was relieved of the expense of feeding and otherwise looking after Mitchell for a year, and (2) the Woodards gained cheap labor that they could work hard and completely control. As for Mitchell, he was possibly spared roadwork under harsh conditions, but was also removed from what nominal protections were afforded by being under the county’s “care.” Either way, he received no pay for his labor.
Hire of Prisoner (1896), Miscellaneous Records, Wilson County Records, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh.
COL. WOMEN
In the early 1960s, uncomfortably aware of the optics, not to mention the illegality, of a segregated water fountain at the courthouse steps, Wilson County capped the fountain’s spigots and chiseled away the letters designating who drank where. By time I was born in 1964, local government had erased the public labels of Jim Crow. Most businesses followed suit, but some could not be bothered.
Wilson was deeply socially segregated for decades after civil rights legal rulings and legislation forbade legal enforcement. This meant, in practice, that while we could go into any public establishment and see a doctor or try on clothes or order a meal the same as any white person, the environment was not always inviting, nor the experience comfortable. This was the Wilson I grew up in. I never saw the old placards and partitions, but we bought chicken and barbecue from the back entrance of Parker’s, and I never played with, much less visited, my white friends away school. Still, we shopped freely at Belk’s and Barshay’s and Flower’s, guffawed at Disney movies in floor seats at the Colony and Wilson Theatres, and saw our white dentist and doctors at their West Nash and Tarboro Street offices.
Elsewhere, however, physical vestiges of codified segregation continued to leak radiation. I documented the ghosts of Jim Crow in a short-lived pandemic era Tumblr account. But the hand-painted White Water sign on a wall at Farmer’s Warehouse, starkly visible until the building’s demolition in 2023, confronted black workers and visitors well into the 1980s. The building’s owners never thought the sign’s poisonous message damaging enough to paint over. (Or maybe they understood precisely what it signaled.)
I have never believed that the Farmer’s Warehouse sign was the last of these signs. Downtown Wilson’s brick storefronts and former factories and warehouses are in the midst of a wave of redevelopment. Many old buildings, often long disused, have been demolished. Others have been renovated for exciting new uses. Surely, as investors and developers and contraction crews have scoured their interiors, they have encountered evidence of the rigid social structures that once locked black people  into (or out of) place.
Like this one.

That’s the door to the COLORED WOMEN TOILET. This five-panel door has been in storage since, it appears, about 1990. From about 1938 to at least the mid-1960s, it marked the restroom available for the few black female employees of the company that occupied this downtown building, all of whom likely all worked on the cleaning staff.
A different, unrelated company operated in the building in the 1970s and ’80s. I don’t know if they left the door where it originally hung or took it down and stored it, but they didn’t paint over its label or throw the door away.

This battered green door, still bearing stains from the oils of the countless hands that pushed through it, stands is an tangible, undeniable link to a past that many would now downplay. My deep thanks to those who shared this photograph with me and gave permission for me to publish it.














