Lane Street Project: the August 17 city council meeting.

Well, that was a disappointment.

First, before the meeting, not one of the four council members I wrote on August 11 — Bell, Creech, Johnson, and Morgan — responded with as much as an acknowledgment of receipt. Needless to say, none moved for any of the actions requested.

Second, the New South Associates presentation was rather less … robust than I expected. I did appreciate the modified recommendations, which I’ll detail once I get my hands on the actual report, but included a comprehensive cemetery management plan to ensure that future leaders know exactly what exists at the site and what has been done there.

Third, the utter lack of engagement by council, whose members asked exactly two questions. Bell wanted to know what pages the recommendations are on. Evans wanted to know what “cmbs” means (which tells me he didn’t read the report he got in April) and what thirty centimeters is in inches. Nobody else cracked their lips. To be fair, it was not until New South Associates’ representative had begun to speak that Rebecca Agner and another city employee actually trooped in to hand out copies of the updated version of the report to council members. City attorney Jim Cauley, in trying to execute some kind of flex, pointedly asked New South when they had provided the City the report, seeming to imply that it was hot off the press. New South flatly countered with a date four days prior to the meeting — Monday, August 14. (And thus Cauley violated the first rule of cross-examination — don’t ask questions you don’t know the answer to.) Once again, a city staffer got the report and sat it on it until the absolute last minute before giving it to council, turning last night’s presentation into pure performance. What was the point of bringing New South all the way from Greensboro if the city wasn’t going to give council a chance to study and develop questions? Though all seven councilmembers have had the original version since April, and this one is not radically different in content, withholding the updated report smells bad. Still, they needn’t have read the report to ask questions like, “Specifically, how does one install a fence under these conditions?” “Is digging up the parking lot a good idea?” “Should we be concerned about the graves in the public right-of-way?” “How can we mark the graves?”

Fourth — and the good part — come *clap* through *clap* Lane Street Project! Although I couldn’t watch them — Wilson shuts off cameras during public comment — kudos to the citizens who stepped to the mic to give voice to the desires of the descendant community. As Briggs Sherwood said, “We are here to claim our ancestors, to redeem our past. Hallelujah, what an opportunity!”

Lane Street Project: WRAL-TV reports on Vick Cemetery.

WRAL’s report on Vick Cemetery aired today, and it did not disappoint!

Thank you, reporter Matt Talhelm, for pursuing the story and for centering a jewel of our community, Mrs. Henrietta Hines McIntosh. Mrs. McIntosh’s memories of Vick Cemetery in its heyday as a sacred, respected space inspire Lane Street Project to continue to fight for truth and accountability and a seat at any table at which decisions about Vick are made.

Lane Street Project: WRAL and the August 17 agenda.

First, WRAL’s reporter advises that his piece on Vick Cemetery will air tonight, August 16, during the 7 o’clock broadcast. Please tune in.

Second, the agenda for Thursday night’s council meeting has been posted. Note item 3d.

This is a surprise, but a generally welcome one, as we have asked the City to take advantage of New South Associates’ expertise. I urge alertness though. Do not let the City position New South as the only voice that matters, and their opinions, therefore, as the end of the discussion about Vick’s future.

On information, Sarah Lowry’s recommendations will go to how the City can prevent further ground disturbance at Vick Cemetery. This is a curious focus as, for the past 110 years, all the unwarranted ground disturbance out there has been at the City’s hand. Who would a fence keep out? Who rampaged through with bush hogs and graders and asphalt and power poles? The City of Wilson and its various contractors, and we already know how to stop that. Recent incursions like dumping and spinning can be thwarted with simple chains that the Cemetery Commission’s grounds crew can unlock when they need to access the site.

I’d rather hear what New South has to say about the bodies lying in the public right-of-way or about the right and role of descendant communities in determining what to do at Vick. If you go to tomorrow’s meeting, please ask New South, or the City, what should be done about the power poles erected inside the cemetery? Or the guy wires that continue to stab into the earth? What are the recommendations for marking individual graves (as has been done in Statesville)? For placement of interpretive signage? Can the parking pad be safely removed (since this is Grant Goings’ bright, new idea)? If so, can  the 18 or so graves beneath it be exhumed (and DNA-tested) and reinterred in Rest Haven? What about exhumation of graves lying in the right-of-way?

Also, ask council for

  • an independent investigation into the disappearance of the headstones removed in 1995-96 (and of the document(s) identifying those markers);
  • ground-penetrating radar of the unsurveyed edges of the cemetery, especially the public right-of-way at the front, where New South’s markers already show the presence of graves;
  • preparation of a full land survey map of the cemetery showing all physical features, easements, and rights-of-way;
  • formal engagement with the descendant community (outside the constrains of a city council meeting).

Please show up in numbers tomorrow night. Take notes. Record. This will be a crucial meeting. Thank you!

Isaac W. Lee’s reach.

County lines did not define the communities to which people belonged. Residents of Wilson County’s Stantonsburg, Black Creek, and Cross Roads townships often had close family, social, and business ties across the line in Wayne County, and the town of Wilson was a common destination for many living in northern Wayne.

Isaac W. Lee spent his entire life in and around the town of Fremont in north-central Wayne County. A man with multiple talents and an expansive business sense, Lee simultaneously worked as a tailor and a grocer before starting an undertaking business.

Lee was born about 1888 in northern Wayne County. In the 1900 census of Fremont, Nahunta township, Wayne County: farmer Isa J. Lee, 41, and children Hend, 18, Adie, 17, Pearly, 16, and Isac W., 13.

In the 1910 census of Fremont, Nahunta township, Wayne County: Isaac Lee, 23, and Amos Daniel, 20, partners in a pressing club and tailoring business.

On 2 April 1913, Isaac W. Lee, 25, married Eva Aldridge, 20, daughter of George and Dora Aldridge, in Fremont, Wayne County. [Eva’s brother Prince A. Aldridge lived in Wilson from the 1920s until his death in 1953.]

In 1917, Isaac William Lee registered for the World War I draft in Wayne County. Per his registration card, he was born 14 April 1887 in Fremont; lived in Fremont; worked as a “merchants tailor” for Best and Cobb in Fremont; was married; and had a physical disability.

In the 1910s, Lee kept accounts on sheets of letterhead that touted both his businesses.

Lee’s business card. J.L Taylor & Co. was a large custom clothier. 

In the 1920 census of Fremont, Nahunta township, Wayne County: presser Isaac Lee, 33, and wife Eva, 29.

By the 1920s, Lee’s letterhead had dropped reference to his grocery store.

In the 1930 census of Fremont, Nahunta township, Wayne County: on Goldsboro Street, in a house owned and valued at $1500, grocery store day laborer Isaac W. Lee, 42, widower.

This undated letterhead features a photograph of the building housing his businesses. A quick Google Maps search shows the building still stands at 110 South Goldsboro Street, Fremont. 

Lee appears to have begun offering funeral services in the 1930s. He posted the notice below, for a burial in Fremont’s all-Black cemetery, in the Wilson Daily Times.

Wilson Daily Times, 17 April 1939.

In the 1940 census of Fremont, Nahunta township, Wayne County: funeral director Isaac W. Lee, 49, and nephew John T. Jones, 23, presser in dry cleaning business.

I.W. Lee was not one of the principal funeral homes serving Wilson County families, but many opted for his care, including:

Detail of death certificate of Charlie Edwards, died 20 January 1940, Wilson, buried in Rountree [probably Vick] Cemetery.

Detail of death certificate of John Davis, died 28 April 1942, Wilson, buried in Rountree [probably Vick] Cemetery.

Detail of death certificate of Warren Rountree, died 24 February 1943, Wilson, buried in Rountree [probably Vick] Cemetery.

Detail of death certificate of Cornelius Dew, died 30 July 1944, Cross Roads township, Wilson County, buried in a rural cemetery.

In the 1950 census of Fremont, Nahunta township, Wayne County: Isaac W. Lee, 63, manager of retail store-funeral home, and son Jesse T., 14, sales clerk at retail store. They lived on “Goldsboro St. 1st Blk S of Main” in “apt over I.W. Lee store.”

I.W. Lee’s building today, Google Street View.

Isaac William Lee died 10 October 1970 at his home in Fremont, Wayne County. Per his death certificate, he was born 14 April 1889 to Isaac Lee and Katie Randolph; was a widower; worked as a “funeral director and merchant (general store)”; and was buried in Fremont Cemetery by Darden Memorial Funeral Home of Wilson. Jesse Thomas Lee, 608 North Reid Street, Wilson, was informant.

Though Lee’s funeral service was held at Fremont First Baptist, ministers from Wilson’s Calvary Presbyterian Church officiated.

Wilson Daily Times, 12 October 1970.

I.W. Lee Account Book and related documents courtesy of J. Robert Boykin III.

Lane Street Project: where the last gravestones stood.

This, of course, is the map of Vick Cemetery plotting the locations of all its visible graves circa 1995. The version I received from the City in response to a records request was grainy, but Wilson Times supplied a cleaner version. The City has not provided (or cannot provide, because it is lost or was never created in the first place) a key to the numbers or otherwise identifying the locations and names on gravestones. However, a friend with surveying experience has cracked the code on the numbering system.

To recap, a surveyor prepared this map ahead of the removal of overgrowth and grading of Vick Cemetery. All detectable graves, whether marked by gravestones or indicated by grave depressions, were numbered and plotted on the map.

Per information, the cemetery’s corner pins and other control points are labeled with the lowest numbers and are highlighted in yellow on the map above. On the right, a broad white expanse reveals that the surveyor did not detect any graves in a strip of land along its northeastern edge, representing approximately twenty percent of the cemetery’s surface. (This is the edge that includes today’s parking lot.) It’s not clear why this is so, as gravestones and slumps are clearly visible today on the other side of the fence that divides Vick and Odd Fellows, and GPR has revealed that this section of the cemetery is quite dense with grave anomalies.

The numbers 20 to about 200 were assigned to graves marked with objects, whether headstones, foot stones, vault covers, slabs, or other markers. Those graves are highlighted in light blue. I know it’s a little tough to see, so I’ve zoomed in one section:

I apparently will never lose the ability to be struck dumb by a Vick discovery. Will you look at this? Look at that row of five graves numbered 109, 110, 111, 112, and 113. Surely this was a family plot, marked with headstones, until the City pulled them up and tossed them, figuratively speaking, in a pit.

Per this map, just under 200 grave markers were standing in 1995 when the City hauled them out. Untold numbers of markers, like the dozens we’ve unearthed in Odd Fellows Cemetery, undoubtedly lay just below the soil surface. We may not know the names of these 200 but, with this highlighted map and the precise location data supplied in New South Associates’s report, we know exactly where they were.

The location of graves 109 through 113 on the Vick Cemetery GPR map.

Boone escapes to Wilson.

Newbern Daily Progress, 24 September 1859.

I have not found him in records, but Joseph Boone was likely a member of the small extended Boone family of free people of color who migrated into Nash County from adjoining counties to the north. After allegedly killing Uriah Ricks, he fled to Wilson, where he hopped a train south, most likely on the Wilmington & Weldon Railroad. Note Boone’s description — “about one-fourth free negro, but generally passes for white.” Race was more fluid in nineteenth-century North Carolina than we credit.

What’s in a name? B.K. Bruce Brown.

Records show that Bruce Brown rarely used his first two initials, B.K. What was the source of his unusual name?

Born into slavery in Prince Edward County, Virginia, in 1841, Blanche Kelso Bruce, known as B.K. Bruce, was the first African-American to serve a full term in the United States Senate, representing Mississippi from 1875 to 1881. He died in 1898.

[Sidenote: B.K. Bruce Brown was not alone. My cousin Blancher K. Aldridge was born in nearby Fremont, Wayne County, in about 1893. Bekay Thompson was born in Wilson County in 1930.]

Sheriff’s tax sale, 1914.

Wilson Daily Times, 7 August 1914.

This 1914 notice of impending sheriff’s sale for non-payment of property taxes included these African-Americans:

Wilson township

  • Charlotte Aycock — in the 1900 census of Wilson, Wilson County: on Ash Street, teacher Charlotte Aycock, 29, widow; niece Gertrude Jourdin, 10, dressmaker (?); and servant Any Williams, 20, cook. 
  • H.R. Barnes (or Baines) 
  • John A. Barnes 
  • H.G. Barnes
  • Ed Barnes
  • Winnie Best — in the 1910 census of Wilson, Wilson County: on Grace Street, Winnie Best, 66; son Isaac, 28, odd jobs; and daughter Mary, 25, house servant.
  • Arch Bynum — in the 1910 census of Wilson, Wilson County: on Sugg Street, Arch Bynum, 37; wife Lillie, 31; and children Nnes, 11, Junis, 7, George, 4, Rena, 2, and Ressie, 6 months.
  • Ella Woodard Bynum — in the 1910 census of Wilson township, Wilson County: laundress Ella Woodard, 28, and children Willie J., 9, Oscar, 4, Mary L., 3, and Jesse B., 1.
  • John Reid
  • Emma Dunston
  • Isaac C. Fields — perhaps, in the 1880 census of Cross Roads township, Wilson County: farmer Washington Fields, 30; wife Julia, 35; and children Renda, 12, Penninah, 11, Jane, 9, Christany, 8, London, 6, William, 5, and twins Isaac and Jacob, 3.
  • Chas. B. Gay — Charles B. Gay.
  • Dr. M.S. Gilliam — Matthew S. Gilliam.
  • Garfield Grantham — in the 1912 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Grantham Garfield (c) carp h Carolina nr Vick
  • Amos Hines — in the 1900 census of Wilson township, Wilson County: Amos Hines, 32; wife Sarah, 28; and sons Ashley, 7, Branch, 4, and George D., 1.
  • Ed Hinnant
  • Jeff Holoway — in the 1916 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Holloway Jeff (c) 316 (423) South
  • P.P. Johnson
  • T.D. Johnson
  • W.A. Johnson
  • Levi Jones
  • Lottie Marlowe
  • L.A. Moore — Lee A. Moore.
  • Plummer Pittman — in the 1900 census of Gardners township, Wilson County: Hariette Pittman, 40; children Minnie, 20, Plummer, 19, Haywood, 10, Herbert, 7, and Effie, 4; and grandchild Bessie, 7.
  • J.W. Rogers — John W. Rogers.
  • Jane Sutton (or Sutzer) — Mary Jane Taylor Henderson Sutzer.
  • Jordan Taylor
  • Chas. P. Thomas
  • Nathan Weaver — in the 1910 census of Wilson township, Wilson County: on Stantonsburg Road, Nathan Weaver, 35; wife Sallie, 30; and children Doretha, 9, Mable, 7, Frank, 6, Louis, 2, and Sallie, 4 months.
  • Louis Williams — in the 1920 census of Wilson, Wilson County: on Reid Street, Fred Owens, 32, public ditcher; wife Lula, 31; and boarder Lewis Williams, 52, house carpenter. 
  • White Williams — in the 1910 census of Toisnot township, Wilson County: farmer White Williams, 55; wife Elisa, 43; and children Mearicie, 23, Bill, 18, John, 15, Walter, 14, Ephraim, 9, July, 5, and Sarah, 3.
  • Berry Williams — in the 1910 census of Wilson, Wilson County: laborer Berry Williams, 51, and wife Penny, 39.
  • Nancy Woodard (F.A.W.)
  • Nancy Woodard (Ned Barnes)
  • Lula B. White
  • C. Mack Wells

Old Fields township

Toisnot township

  • Chas. Braswell — in the 1910 census of Toisnot township, Wilson County: odd jobs laborer Charlie Braswell, 23, and Pauline, 24. 
  • Frank Hodge

Gardners township

  • J. Barnes
  • Jane M. McCoy

Saratoga township

  • Calvin DixonÂ