The double funeral of Sarah Coward and Raiford McPhail.

Journal and Guide (Norfolk, Va.), 19 October 1946.

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  • Sarah Coward

In the 1900 census of Township 1, Craven County: farmer Bryan Coward, 36, wife Sarah, 33, son Arthur D., 8, and niece Malissa Jenkins, 13.

In the 1910 census of New Bern, Craven County, at 2 Green Street: pastor Bryan Coward, 45, wife Sarah, 43, son Arthur D., 18, and adopted daughter Malissa Jenkins, 22.

In the 1920 census of Wilson, Wilson County, at 122 Pender Street: minister of the gospel Bryant Coward, 53, wife Sarah A., 49, and roomers Joe Ward (who worked as a cook at Hotel Briggs), 30, and Sophia Ward, 29. [Rev. Coward was a prominent Saint John pastor, but did not found the church.]

In the 1925 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Coward Sarah A (c) dom h 1013 Atlanta

In the 1928 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Coward Bryant Rev (c; Sarah A) h 1013 Atlanta

In the 1940 census of Wilson, North Carolina: at 1013 Atlantic, owned and valued at $6000, Sarah A. Coward, 69, widow; son Willie Carr, 30; his wife Sandyne[?], 25; sons Bobbie, 2, and Willie, 6; roomer Clara Chamber, 20.

Sarah Addie Coward died 6 September 1946 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was born in Greene County, N.C., to Quilla Brown and Mary Margaret Wilson, both of Craven County, N.C.; was 87 years old; and lived at 1013 Atlantic Street.

  • Raiford McPhail

In the 1870 census of Flea Hill township, Cumberland County, N.C.: farm laborer Arnold McPhail, 25; wife Milly, 21; children Raiford, 6, Elizabeth, 4, and Hector, 1; and farm laborer Isaac, 16.

In the 1880 census of Flea Hill township, Cumberland County, N.C.: farmer Arnel McPhail, 37, and children Raford, 14, Eliza, 12, Hector, 10, Joe, 8, Martha J., 6, William, 4, and Sarah, 1.

On 28 February 1889, R.J. McPhaill, 24, of Cumberland County, son of Arnold and Millie McPhail and, married Laura Waddell, 20, of Cumberland County, daughter of Wash and Delia McPhail, in Flea Hill township, Cumberland County.

In the 1916 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: McPhail Raiford J (c) janitor Fidelity Mutual Bldg h 212 S Vick

John Albert McPhail died 27 October 1919 in Wilson. Per his death certificate, he was born 19 February 1894 to Raiford McPhail and Laura Wadell, both of Cumberland County; worked as a clothes cleaner at a pressing club; lived at 212 Vick Street extended; and was buried in Wilson [likely, Vick Cemetery.]

In the 1920 census of Wilson, Wilson County: Raford McPhail, 50; wife Laura, 47; and children David, 22, Hector, 21, Bessie, 19, and Mary, 14.

Mary McPhail died 10 September 1924 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was born 4 March 1904 in Wilson to Raiford J. McPhail and Laura Wardell, both of Cumberland County; was single; was a schoolgirl; and was buried in Wilson [probably, Vick Cemetery.]

In the 1928 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: McPhail Raiford (c; Laura) janitor h 208 S Vick

In the 1940 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 208 South Vick, Fidelity Building janitor Raiford McPhail, 75, widower, and lodgers Robert Sherdan, 50, carpenter, and laundress, Lela Hines, 45, widow.

Raiford McPhail died 8 September 1945 in Wilson. Per his death certificate, he was born 15 February 1865 in Cumberland County to Arnold McPhail; was a widower; lived at 208 South Vick Street; and was buried in Rountree Cemetery [probably, Vick Cemetery.] Informant was Bessie Compton, Greensboro.

Bess wins a newspaper contest.

The Afro-American (Baltimore, Md.), 5 March 1932.

James C. Bess was one of several winners of an Afro-American contest asking about readers’ preference between the racial terms “colored” and “Negro.”

The Afro-American (Baltimore, Md.), 2 April 1932.

Bess submitted multiple responses, including:

The Afro-American (Baltimore, Md.), 5 March 1932.

The Afro-American (Baltimore, Md.), 9 April 1932.

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Artis is the first to volunteer.

Journal and Guide (Norfolk, Va.), 5 February 1918.

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We knew Columbus E. Artis migrated from Wilson to Washington, D.C., between 1915 and 1918 and remained just a few years. Now we know what drew him North.

Early in 1918, Artis jumped to respond to a call for volunteer shipbuilders and was lauded as the first to get his application in. Though it is not clear what skills Artis brought to the job — he had been a farm laborer, a grocer, a restaurateur, and an undertaker — he was recognized as “honor man” for his enthusiastic response.

White businessman guilty of pimping.

The Afro-American (Baltimore, Md.), 18 November 1939.

In November 1939, a jury convicted white businessman Tom Thompson of “immoral action,” which likely meant setting up sexual encounters between African-American women and white men.

This brief article states that Thompson was “accused” of the crime by Ambrose Floyd. What does this mean? Was Floyd the person who reported Thompson to authorities? Or was he just a witness?

Wishing the Artis Family a great reunion!

Today, another branch of my Artis family — descendants of James C. Artis — is gathering in Wilson for their annual reunion.

James Cleveland Artis was the son of Jonah and Fannie Newsome Artis and the grandson of Richard Artis, who was the youngest brother of my great-great-great-grandfather Adam T. Artis. Though primarily based in Greene County, N.C., Richard Artis’ descendants moved back and forth across the Greene-Wilson county line between Stantonsburg and Walstonburg.

I wish my cousins a fantastic reunion and applaud their commitment to keep family ties strong and to maintain traditions.

Many thanks to Sondra Artis for sharing this photo.

[Update: The Artis Family Reunion was a resounding success! Douglas Horne and Sondra Artis share these photos of the J.C. Artis (top) and Jonah Artis Jr. (bottom) branches of the family.

In memoriam: Sgt. Anthony M. Hopkins.

A spur-of-the-moment search of The New York Times yielded the obituary of Wilson native Anthony M. Hopkins, a decorated war veteran. He was one of the more than 200,000 Americans to die of COVID in the first seven months of the pandemic. The Times featured Hopkins’ death in its “Those We’ve Lost” series, which profiled more than 500 people, both famous and ordinary, who succumbed to the disease.

Anthony Hopkins’ paternal grandparents, Jason and Catherine Bryant Hopkins, arrived in Wilson County in the early 1920s from Pitt County by way of Greene County. They settled in Gardners township and worked as sharecroppers or tenant farmers. His maternal grandparents, James and Addie Tart Ward, had deep roots in the area of the Wilson and Greene County border between present-day Saratoga, Stantonsburg, and Walstonburg.

  • Jason Hopkins and Catherine Bryant Hopkins Brown

Jason Hopkins died 25 March 1929 in Wilson [Mercy] Hospital. Per his death certificate, he was 41 years old; was born in Pitt County to Luke and Dollie Hopkins; was married to Catherine Hopkins; was a preacher; and was buried in Jones Field, Wilson County.

In the 1930 census of Gardners township, Wilson County: farmer Kathrine Hopkins, 37; children James C., 12, Irena, 10, Octavia, 9, Jason Jr., 8, Etter C., 7, and Mattie, 3; and roomer [illegible] Bryant, 26.

In the 1940 census of Gardners township, Wilson County: farmer Becton Brown, 47; wife Katherine, 47; his children George, 22, Edrine, 20, Millie, 18, May E., 16, B.K., 15, Collie, 13, and Wittonia Brown, 11; and step-children Irene, 21, Octavia, 20, Jason, 19, Ophelia, 17, and Mattie Hopkins, 14.

In 1942, Jason Hopkins registered for the World War II draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 29 April 1921 in Greene County; lived at R.F.D. #3, Gardners township; his contact was mother Cassie Brown; and he worked for Pattie W. Uzzell in Wilson.

On 6 March 1946, Jason Hopkins, 24, son of Jason Hopkins and Catherine Bryant Hopkins, married Minnie Lou Ward, 19, daughter of James and Addie Tart Ward, in Wilson County.

In the 1950 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 522 Hadley Street, Jason Hopkins, 28, serviceman at auto sales/service; wife Minnie, 23; and children Jason III, 3, Thomas L., 1, and Anthony M., born the previous September.

Jason Hopkins Jr. died 31 May 1969 in Norfolk, Virginia. Per his death certificate, he was born 29 April 1921 in Wilson, N.C., to Jason Hopkins Sr. and Catherine Bryant; was married to Minnie Lea Hopkins; worked as a laborer; and was a World War II veteran.

Minnie Lee W. Hopkins, 716 Hooks Street, Wilson, applied for a military headstone for her husband Jason Hopkins. Per the application, he was born 29 April 1921 and died 31 May 1969 and served from 10 October 1942 to 14 December 1945 in the 647th Port Company.

Minnie Lea Hopkins died 28 February 2013.

  • James Ward and Addie Tart Ward

On __ January 1899, James Ward, 18, of Greene County, son of Larance Ward and Sarah [Ward] Artis, married Mit Ellis, 21, of Greene County, daughter of Jacob Ellis, in Greene County, N.C.

In the 1900 census of Speights Bridge township, Greene County: James Ward, 20, day laborer; wife Mitt, 20; and son Nathan, 1. Two households down: widow Sarah Ward, 43, and children Walter, 14, Bessie, 12, and Etta, 9, all day laborers.

On 13 June 1909, James Wood [sic; Ward], 28, of Stantonsburg, married Addie Ward [sic; Tart], 19, of Saratoga, in Saratoga township, Wilson County.

In the 1910 census of Saratoga township, Wilson County: on Stantonsburg Road, farmer James Ward, 29; wife Addie, 20; and children Jim, 9, Sarah, 8, Tiny, 5, Mary E., 4, and Maggie, newborn.

In 1918, James Ward registered for the World War I draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 15 October 1879; lived at Route 2, Stantonsburg; farmed for Charlie Whitley; and his nearest relative was Addie Ward.

In the 1920 census of Saratoga township, Wilson County: farmer James Ward, 40; wife Addie, 29; and children Maliza, 14, Maggie, 10, Ozee, 8, Ida, 6, Joseph, 4, and Ora, 4.

In the 1930 census of Saratoga township, Wilson County: farmer James Ward, 50; wife Addie, 39; children Maggie, 19, Oz, 17, Ida, 16, Joseph, 15, Ora, 12, Bourgard, 11, Charlie, 8, Leland, 5, Minnie L., 3, and Annie M., 0; and mother Sarah Ward, 72, widow.

In the 1940 census of Saratoga township, Wilson County: farmer James Ward, 58; wife Addie, 46; children Ida, 24, Charles, 18, Leland, 14, Minnie, 13, Annie, 10, Molena, 5, and Beauregard, 20; daughter-in-law Bertha Lee, 20; and grandson John Lewis Barnes, 9.

Addie Ward died 21 July 1943 in Saratoga township, Wilson County. Per her death certificate, she was born 2 January 1893 in Greene County to Gray Tart and Mittie Ward, both of Greene County; was married to James Ward; and was buried in Community Cemetery, Greene County.

James Ward Sr. died 11 November 1944 in Saratoga township, Wilson County. Per his death certificate, he was born 12 October 1882 in Wilson County to Lawrence Ward and Sarah Artis; was the widower of Addie Ward; was a farmer; and was buried Saint Delight cemetery, Greene County, N.C.

Boys injured in explosion.

Journal and Guide (Norfolk, Va.), 20 February 1932.

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In the 1930 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 623 Green, Annie B. Gay, 30, a laundress; husband Albert, 40, a bellboy; mother-in-law Alic, 73; and children Albert Jr., 14, Jessie, 11, Hal, 8, Samual, 6, Mirrian, 4, and Ralph, 2. The house was valued at $8000.

In the 1940 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 623 Green, Albert Gay, 24, truck driver for retail furniture store; and his siblings Harrell [Harold], 19, Samuel, 17, Annie M., 14, and Ralph, 12; plus lodgers Mrs. Julia Russell, 40, and her son, Albert, 22.

In the 1950 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 623 Green, taxi driver Albert Gay, 34; wife Doris, 35, city hall maid; brothers Harold, 29, school teacher at county school, and Ralph, 21; uncle Jessie Holden, 54, brickmason, and aunt Beatrice Holden, 49, cook in school lunchroom.

The long marriage of John and Eula Mae Boykin Renfrow.

Wilson Daily Times, 31 May 2010.

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In the 1920 census of Springhill township, Wilson County: farmer John Renfrow, 33; wife Mary, 31; and children Rennie, 12, Plummer, 10, Vernon, 9, John O., 5, and Burnice, 3.

In the 1920 census of Springhill township, Wilson County: farmer William T. Boykin, 44; wife Sarah, 41; and children Elvira, 17, Katie, 15, Ida, 13, William T., 10, Ula M., 4, Lillian, 2, and Junius, 1.

In the 1930 census of Springhill township, Wilson County: farmer John M. Renfrow, 41; wife Mary, 40; and children Vernon, 17, John O., 15, Bernice B., 13, David, 10, Minnie I., 4, and Myree, 1.

In the 1930 census of Springhill township, Wilson County: farmer William T. Boykin, 54; wife Sarah, 52; and children Ida, 14, W. Howard, 20, Eula M., 14, Lillian, 13, and Jounious, 11.

On 15 May 1935, John Omes Renfrow, 20, of Kenly, son of Johnny and Mary Renfrow, married Eula May Boykin, 18, of Lucama, in Smithfield, Johnston County, N.C.

In the 1940 census of Springhill township, Wilson County: farmer John Renfrow, 25; wife Eula Mae, 24; and children Louretha, 3, Edna Gray, 2, and Marie, 1.

In 1940, John Omes Renfrow registered for the World War II draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 26 October 1914 in Wilson; lived at Route 3, Kenly, Wilson County; his contact was Eula Mae Renfrow; and he worked for George R. Hinton.

In the 1950 census of Springhill township, Wilson County: farmer John O. Renfrow, 35; wife Eula Mae, 34; children Retha, 13, Eula Gray, 12, Marie Van, 10, John Donald, 7, and Katrina, 3; and mother-in-law Sarah Boykin, 65, widow.

Rocky Mount Telegram, 5 September 2011.

Rocky Mount Telegram, 1 February 2014.