Month: March 2025

Happy birthday!

My mother is a native of Newport News, Virginia, but has spent almost three-quarters of her life in Wilson. I often rely on her to clarify my recollections or test tentative connections I make in my research for this blog. She introduced me to museums and historic sites and gladly fed my very early appetite for reading. I’m not sure what Black Wide-Awake would look like without her deep influence, and I ask you to join me in wishing Beverly Allen Henderson a wonderful 87th birthday. I love you, Ma!

Photo by Tracey E. Leon, February 2025.

144 Ash Street.

The one hundred ninety-ninth in a series of posts highlighting buildings in East Wilson Historic District, a national historic district located in Wilson, North Carolina. As originally approved, the district encompasses 858 contributing buildings and two contributing structures in a historically African-American section of Wilson. (A significant number have since been lost.) The district was developed between about 1890 to 1940 and includes notable examples of Queen Anne, Bungalow/American Craftsman, and Shotgun-style architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

This house was demolished between 2012 and 2019. The photo above, courtesy of Google Maps Streetview, was taken in April 2008. The address of this house has vacillated wildly. It has been known as 141, 138, 144, and 218 Ash Street as lot lines shifted and houses were densely packed into Ash Street’s short stretch. Current tax records describe the now-vacant lot as 144 Ash Street. (And Ash is often spelled “Ashe.”)

The inventory list of the nomination form for East Wilson Historic District, prepared in 1987, is confusing. #144 is described as a vacant lot. #138 is a “shotgun with shed-roofed porch,” which obviously is not this house. It appears that #142, “ca. 1908; 1 story; two-room central-hall house with turned post porch,” is the house above, though it does not now have turned posts on its porch.

The last Google Maps image of the house, June 2012.

Ash Street was once part of the Oswald and Sallie Lipscomb farm. On 8 April 1890, Maria Peacock purchased a one-quarter acre lot from the Lipscombs for $37.50. Per the deed, Peacock, who already lived in the lot, received a life interest in the property with the remainder to Levi H. Peacock and his heirs.

Description of 144 Ashe Street from Deed Book 2391, page 143, Wilson County Register of Deeds Office, Wilson.

The 1908 Sanborn fire insurance map of Wilson, N.C., shows the house as 141 Jane Street, as Ash was very briefly known.

In the 1910 census of Wilson, Wilson County: on Ash Street, post office clerk Levi Peacock, 40; wife Hannah, 38; children Oliva V., 15, Hannah, 13, Levi, 11, Susan, 6, Rubie, 4, and Vivian, 1; and mother-in-law Susan Pryett, 55, laundress.

Detail from 1922 Sanborn fire insurance map of Wilson, N.C.

In the 1920 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 141 Ash Street, post office clerk Livia H. Peacock, 60; wife Annie, 31; children Olvia, 23, Annie L., 21, Livia H. Jr.; Sudie, 14, Rubie, 12, Vivian, 9, Bennie, 5, and John, 3; boarders Mary S. Roberson, 32, and Mary Brodie, 20; plus widow Susan Byatt, 62.

In the 1922 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Peacock Hannah (c) tchr h 138 Ashe; Peacock Hannah L (c) hair dresser h 138 Ashe; Peacock Levi H (c) clk P O 138 Ashe

Detail from 1922 Sanborn fire insurance map of Wilson, N.C.

In the 1925 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Peacock Levi H (c) clk P O 138 Ashe [But Hannah, Ruby, Susan and Vivian Peacock at 140 Ashe.]

In the 1928 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Peacock Levi H (c; Hannah) h 218 Ashe [But Peacock Hannah H (c) tchr Wilson Graded Sch r 138 Ashe]

In the 1930 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory: Peacock Levi H (c; Hannah H) bellmn Hotel Cherry h 218 Ashe; Peacock Rubie E (c) sch tchr h 218 Ashe; Peacock Susan M (c) student h 218 Ashe; Peacock Vivian (c) lndrs h 218 Ashe

In the 1930 census of Wilson, Wilson County: at 218 Ash, Levi Peacock, 62; wife Hanna, 64;  Susan, 28, Elizabeth L., 26, John H., 24, and Benjamin, 23; Hanna Luke, 80; Susan Piatt, 34; and Ruby Piatt, 15. [There are numerous errors in names and ages in this entry.]

Detail from 1930 Sanborn fire insurance map of Wilson, N.C. The house is labeled (138) 218 Ash.

Levi Henry Peacock died 16 August 1934 in Wilson. Per his death certificate, he was 72 years old; was born in Alabama to James Peacock and Marie Peacock, both of Wilson County; was married; lived at 218 Ash Street; was an “ex-P.O. clerk”; and was buried in Wilson [Masonic? Odd Fellows? Vick Cemetery?]

Hannah H. Peacock died 29 March 1935 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was 50 years old; was born in Edgecombe County to Booker Pyatt of Petersburg, Virginia, and Susan Hines of Edgecombe County; resided at 218 Ash Street; was a school teacher; was the widow of Levi Peacock; and was buried in Wilson [Masonic? Odd Fellows? Vick Cemetery?]

In the 1940 census of Wilson, Wilson County: Hana Peacock, 32; her grandmother Susie Pyatt, 84; and brothers John, 22, and Benjamin Peacock, 24.

In 1942, Levi Harry Peacock registered for the World War II draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 6 May 1898 in Wilson; lived at 418 North Reid Street, Wilson; his contact was Hannah Peacock, 138 Ashe Street, Wilson; and he worked for W.E. Barnes at Cherry Hotel, Wilson.

Susan H. Pyatt died 14 January 1944 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was born in 1874 in Edgecombe County to Louis Hargrove and Hannah Lewis Hines; was widowed; and resided at 218 Ashe. Hannah Peacock was informant.

In 1944, John Hines Peacock registered for the World War II draft in Wilson. Per his registration card, he was born 16 October 1915 in Wilson County; lived at 218 Ashe; his contact was sister Hannah L. Peacock, 218 Ashe; and he was “unemployed, except working around his home.”

1947 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory

Hannah Lee Peacock died 1 May 1969 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was born 12 September 1924 [sic] to Henry Levi Peacock and Hannah Hines; lived at 144 Ash Street; was a retired teacher; and was single. Vivian Peacock Smith, 144 Ash, was informant.

Wilson Daily Times, 22 April 1989.

Doris Smith Herrell sold the Peacock family’s Ash Street properties, including 144, in 2009, ending nearly 120 years of ownership by this family.

Lane Street Project: season 5, workday 6 — chef’s kiss!

What a week for Lane Street Project! Wednesday, Homeschoolers Honoring Ancestors came to learn the history of Odd Fellows Cemetery and carefully clean headstones. Today, Greenfield School students, staff, and family fanned out across the cemetery to cut grass, lop vines, and haul debris for four solid hours. They were joined by the brothers of Beta Beta Beta Chapter of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity and officers of Wilson Police Department, who grilled hotdogs for all volunteers! This is community!

Beta Beta Beta is back and putting in work!

As soon as I arrived, these young men asked for an assignment. With Steve Manna, they cleared the area around the partially collapsed brick vault …

… and installed caution tape to warn others away from the opening.

Flowers for the cemetery’s founder, Samuel H. Vick.

This young lady nearly single-handedly mowed the entire front section, an immediate improvement in the site’s visibility from the street.

Piling debris onto tarps to drag to the curb. Our littlest volunteers had their own wheelbarrow for collecting pinecones and were a tremendous help in cleaning the fence of faded decorations.

In honor of Women’s History Month, flowers for Della Hines Barnes, whose headstone inspired the LSP logo.

The last — and maybe largest — of the big wisteria vines. Photographer Chris Facey gives you some notion of scale.

Cross section of a smaller wisteria vine. The growth rings are 1/2- to 3/4-inch apart.

Breaking for lunch.

Gathering “tumbleweed” to haul out. (Does anyone know the name of this fresh scourge?)

These young men uncovered another vault cover in Odd Fellows!

Hey, Adam Rosenblatt — the Senior Force now have copies of Cemetery Citizens!

Special thanks to Greenfield Assistant Head of School Steve Manna and Greenfield parent/Que Chris Johnson!

The obituary of Josh Farmer.

Wilson Daily Times, 7 March 1950.

——

In the 1880 census of Taylor township, Wilson County: Edward Farmer, 22, hireling on farm; wife Sarah, 23; and children Cora, 3, and Joshuway, 9 months.

On 24 December 1905, Joshua Farmer, 25, of Taylor township, son of Ed Farmer (living in Georgia) and Sarah Farmer (deceased), married Mattie Lucas [Locus], 21, daughter of Margaret Ann Lucas [Locus], at Lenora Taylor’s in Taylor township, Wilson County.

In the 1910 census of Taylor township, Wilson County: Joshwa Farmer, 27; wife Mattie, 24; sons William A., 2, and Luthur, 4 months; cousin Alice Taylor, 16; 2nd cousin Annie M. Taylor, 15 months.

In the 1920 census of Oldfields township, Wilson County: Josh Farmer, 42; wife Mattie, 35; and children William A., 12, Luther, 9, Johia [sic] W., 6, Warneda, 4, Lonnie D., 2, and Baby, 6 months.

In the 1930 census of Oldfields township, Wilson County: Josh Farmer, 51; wife Mattie, 46; and children William A., 21, Josh W., 17, Waneta, 14, Lonnie D., 12, Robert, 10, Albert H., 6, and J.C., 3.

In the 1940 census of Taylor township, Wilson County: Jack Farmer, 59; wife Mattie, 55; and children Authur, 24, Jack Jr., 23, Robert, 20, Harry, 16, J.C., 13, and Juanita Barnes, 22, and her children Mattie Lee, 3, and Marjorie, 1.

In 1944, J.C. Farmer registered for the World War II draft in Wilson County. Per his registration card, he was born 20 October 1926 in Wilson County; lived at Route 1, Sims; worked for J.T. Dew; and his contact was Josh Farmer.

Josh O. Farmer died 4 March 1950 in Taylor township, Wilson County. Per his death certificate, he was born 5 June 1882 in Wilson County to Ed Farmer and Sallie [no maiden name]; was married; worked as a tenant farmer; and was buried in Farmer family cemetery. Mattie Farmer was informant.

Who was James H. Bynum?

I don’t know how I missed him, but I recently came across a Lincoln University catalog listing James H. Bynum of Wilson as a freshman in 1902-’03. Bynum graduated from Lincoln with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1906 and entered the university’s Theological Department.

I have not identified Bynum in Wilson records or found him after he left Lincoln. A search for “Rev. James H. Bynum” revealed a Methodist minister by that name in Mississippi, but he was already preaching when Bynum of Wilson was still a student.

Petition to divide the Phillips property.

In the 1880 census of Tarboro, Edgecombe County, N.C.: minister H.C. Philips, 37, wife Emma, 34, and children Louisa, 12, Hood, 9, Walton, 6, and Cornelius, 3.

On 6 January 1887, Methodist minister H.C. Phillips united Charles Williamson, 21, and Clara Vick, 18, in marriage at the A.M.E. Zion Church in Wilson. Witnesses were S.H. Vick, H.C. Rountree, and Daniel Vick. This is the earliest marriage recorded in Wilson performed by Rev. Phillips.

On 23 January 1891, Henry Clay Phillips and Emma Elizabeth Moore Phillips obtained a $300 loan from Wilson Building & Loan Association, secured with a property on Green Street. A note on the mortgage deed shows the Phillipses paid off the loan in January 1897.

In the 1900 census of Wilson, Wilson County: Emma Phillips,  and sons Alonzo, 17, and William, 16. [Though Emma Phillips was listed as married, H.C. Phillips was not listed in the household. Records show that he continued to perform marriages in Wilson after the turn of the century and was named on a 1903 deed as a trustee of Saint Stephen’s A.M.E. Zion Church.]

Rev. Henry C. Phillips died circa 1907, probably in Wilson. As death certificates were not yet required by the State of North Carolina, and no cemetery ledgers survive for any of the African-American cemeteries active at the time, we have no firm record of his death.

In the 1908 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory, Cornelius Phillips and Elizabeth Phillips are listed at 608 East Green Street.

In the 1910 census of Wilson, Wilson County: widow Elizabeth Phillips, 66, laundress; son Rhemus [Cornelius], 30, express office laborer, and daughter-in-law Sallie, 28, cook.

In the 1912 Hill’s Wilson, N.C., city directory, Alonzo, Cornelius and his wife Sallie, and Lizzie B. Phillips are listed at 608 East Green.

Emily [Emma] Elizabeth Phillips died 27 August 1918 in Wilson. Per her death certificate, she was born January 1845 in North Carolina; was the widow of H.C. Phillips; and was buried in Wilson County [likely, Vick Cemetery.] William Phillips was informant.

Eldest son Hood S. Phillips died in 1919. He and his brothers William, Cornelius, Alonzo R., and Walter Phillips held an undivided interest in the lot on Green Street, and his widow Phillis Gay Phillips claimed a dower interest in her husband’s share. As dividing the small property would not have benefitted anyone, a petition was filed and granted to sell the lot and divide the proceeds.

 

The apprenticeship of Adline Benton.

On 9 August 1872, a Wilson County Superior Court judge ordered three year-old Adline Benton bound as an apprentice to Harrett Battle until she reached 21 years of age. She was to be trained as a house servant.

——

  • Adline Benton
  • Harriett Battle

United States Indenture and Manumission Records, 1780-1939, database at https://familysearch.org.

R.A. and Matilda Daniels Givens of Muskogee, Oklahoma.

We’ve met L. Henry Daniels and Elizabeth Lassiter Daniels, who joined the migration from Wilson County to Arkansas with their eldest children around 1890.

In the 1900 census of Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, Arkansas: day laborer Henry Daniels, 55; wife Elizabeth, 46; and children William H., 17, Matilda A., 15, Mary J., 15, and Rice B., 7. All were born in North Carolina except the youngest child.

On 26 May 1904, Matilda Daniels, 19, married R.A. Givens, 30, in Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, Arkansas. Within months, the Givenses relocated to Muskogee, Indian Territory [now Oklahoma], where Rufus A. Givens opened a jewelry and watchmaking business and blitzed the local Black press with advertising.

Muskogee Cimeter, 28 July 1904. 

Muskogee Cimeter, 22 September 1904. 

Muskogee Cimeter, 23 February 1905. 

Muskogee Cimeter, 4 May 1905.

The Muskogee Unionist, 23 June 1905.

Muskogee Cimeter, 17 August 1905.

Muskogee Cimeter, 9 November 1905.

Muskogee Phoenix, 11 January 1906.

Muskogee Cimeter, 28 February 1908.  

In the 1910 census of Muskogee, Porter township, Muskogee County, Oklahoma: at 124 South 2nd Street, Rufus A. Givens, 36, jeweler in own shop; wife Matilda, 35; and children Thelma, 5, Mable E., 4, Neomia Y., 3, and son Rufus P., 1. [Curiously, Matilda’s age is off (she was about 25), and her birthplace is listed as Kentucky, though her parents’ was North Carolina.]

Creek Baptist Herald, 4 January 1912.

In the 1912 Muskogee, Oklahoma, city directory: Givens Rufus A (Matilda A) c[olored] silver smith res Lincoln Add

By 1916, the Givenses had opened an eponymous hotel near the Midland Valley Railroad Depot in downtown Muskogee.

The Muskogee Tattler, 29 July 1916.

The Muskogee Tattler, 5 August 1916.

In 1918, Rufus Adolphus Givens registered for the World War I draft in Muskogee, Oklahoma. Per his registration card, he was born 24 February 1874; lived at 703 Dunbar Avenue, Muskogee; was a self-employed watchmaker at 226 Elgin, Muskogee; and his contact was Matilda Givens.

The Tulsa Star, 2 February 1918.

In the 1930 census of Muskogee, Muskogee County, Oklahoma: at 1103 South 2nd Street, rented for $17/month, Rufus A. Givens, 54, jewelry shop proprietor; wife Matilda, 43; daughter Mable Robins, 23, and granddaughter Juanita Robins, 3; and children Neoma, 20, Rufus Jr., 18, shoe repair apprentice, Lillian, 15, Earl, 11, and Arthuree, 7.

Rufus Adolphus Givens died about 1933.

Arthuree Matilda Daniels Givens died 23 December 1963 in Muskogee.

Many thanks to Thelma Simmons for the tip about her ancestors Matilda and Rufus Givens!

Lane Street Project: thank you, Homeschoolers!

Yesterday youthful voices rang out as Homeschoolers Honoring Ancestors fanned out across Odd Fellows Cemetery to tackle an important task — cleaning algae and grime from the historic cemetery’s marble and granite headstones. Under the leadership of Elise Beam, the student-volunteers prepared carefully for their work and brought all the tools they needed — specialized cleaning solution, water, gloves, and soft-bristled brushes.

Lane Street Project’s Senior Force stalwarts Castonoble Hooks and Briggs Sherwood greeted the homeschoolers and introduced them to the history and significance of Odd Fellows Cemetery. A fifth grader, two fourth graders, two third graders, and a kindergartener gathered around Ben Mincey‘s grave marker to learn why a fire hydrant was chosen to honor his life.

“I was touched by being able to clean the graves of our honored ancestors. Also because they were black and not treated as kindly. And I wanted to clean as many forgotten graves as I could, because they deserve respect,” said Joshua Beam, age 9.

Joshua’s twin, William Beam, added, “It was fun, and I really enjoyed listening to the history of the grave sites. The people [Mr. Hooks and Mr. Sherwood] were really nice.”

Castonoble Hooks commented, “No group has impressed me more! These children are special. Intelligent, well-mannered, and respectful was obvious from the start. They asked questions and showed an interest in the subject and understanding of why we were here that surpassed many adults who come! I was amazed at the level of empathy they showed to this sacred place.”

From the beginning, Lane Street Project has been a multiracial, multigenerational, multi-faith community collective. Men, women, and children have tended this space, gently coaxing it back to a state that honors its dead. I was thrilled when Elise Beam reached out to ask about volunteer opportunities for her homeschool group and worked with her to identify meaningful tasks that her young charges could safely complete. True to their name, as students finished their work today, they placed a dandelion on each marker. Thanks to Homeschoolers Honoring Ancestors, Odd Fellows’ headstones proudly gleam again.

Photos courtesy of Elise Beam and Castonoble Hooks.

Signatures, no. 7.

Signatures are often-overlooked scraps of information that yield not only obvious clues about literacy, but also subtleties like depth and quality of education and preferred names, spellings and pronunciations. They are also, in original documents, tangible traces of our forebears’ corporality — evidence that that they were once here.

This is the seventh in a series of posts featuring the signatures of men and women born before 1900, men and women who could not take even a basic education for granted.

  • Daniel Vick and Samuel H. Vick

Father and son. Both were born in slavery. Sam Vick probably retained no memory of it, but Daniel Vick was 20 or so years old, married, and with children before he was emancipated. As late as the 1880 census, he reported to the enumerator that he could neither read nor write. However, by time he cosigned the bond his son pledged when appointed guardian of the Henderson children in 1907, Daniel Vick could write his name. Though not as firm and fluid as that of the son he sent to Lincoln University, Daniel Vick’s signature was clear and complete — a perfect measure of the distance he had come in his long life.