Month: October 2021

Nora Ward Goens of Wilson, Indianapolis, Denver and San Diego.

I recently happened upon the death certificate of Nora Goens, who died 3 November 1935 in Merrill, Newaygo County, Michigan, north of Grand Rapids. Per her death certificate, she was born in Wilson, North Carolina, in September 1872 to Rev. ___ Ward and Lilian Forbs; lived in Denver, Colorado; and was buried in Danville, Illinois.

Though it’s still not clear why she died in Michigan, available digital records do shed some light on Goens’ peripatetic life and, surprisingly, link her to another Wilson migrant — Dr. Joseph H. Ward!

In the 1880 census of Wilson, Wilson County: plow shop worker Henry Ward, 27, wife Sarah, 28, and children Walter, 9, Manora, 7, Lilly, 5, Claudius, 3, and Addie, 1. [Henry Ward, son of D.G.W. Ward and Sarah Darden, married Sarah Forbes, daughter of Henry Forbes, in 1870 in Wilson. Henry Ward was the brother of Joseph H. Ward’s mother Mittie R. Ward.]

On 6 February 1894, Nora Ward, 21, daughter of B.H. Ward and Sallie Forbes, married Eugene Goins, 22, son of Lewis Goins and Edna Martin, in Indianapolis, Indiana.

In the 1900 census of Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana: at 1504 Arthur Street, janitor Eugene Goins, 27, and wife Nora, 27.

Within the next decade, the Goenses migrated further west to Colorado. In the 1910 census of Denver, Denver County: at 2230 Cal. Street, among other families, apartment janitor Eugene Goens, 36, and wife Nora, 36. Eugene reported that he was born in Ohio to parents from Virginia and Kentucky. Nora was born in North Carolina to North Carolina-born parents. The couple had been married 16 years, and Nora reported that she had had one child, who was dead. [Thirteen years later, after divorcing her first husband, Nora’s first cousin Minerva Ward Artis (Joseph Ward’s half-sister) married Jonas Biggins in Denver. Had Minerva come west to stay with the Goenses?]

2230 California Street, Denver. Courtesy of apartments.com.

Nora Goens’ mother-in-law Edna Martin Goens Wright died in Denver in 1919. Her body was taken to Castalia, Ohio, for burial. Norris Wright was Eugene Goens’ half-brother. Norris was born in Sandusky, Ohio, in 1888, and the Wrights moved to Indianapolis before 1900.

Sandusky Star Journal, 5 December 1919.

In the 1920 census of Denver, Colorado: at 2230 California Street, among other families, Eugene Goens, 46, apartment janitor, and wife Nora, 46, janitress.

The Goinses made a long, looping excursion in 1928, spending considerable time in Xenia, Ohio. Their weekend hosts Joseph T. and Addie Artis Rountree were natives of Wilson. Mrs. Fred Cosby — Ardeaner Rountree Cosby — was the Rountrees’ daughter and was also born in Wilson.

Xenia Evening Gazette, 7 July 1928.

Xenia Evening Gazette, 16 November 1928.

In the 1930 census of Denver, Colorado: at 609-26th Street, Eugene Goins, 39, and wife Nora, 37.

In February 1934, the Goinses were again back East and were honored guests at dinner hosted by the S.S. Club of Xenia.

Xenia Evening Gazette, 27 February 1934.

In the 1935 San Diego, California, city directory: Goens Eug (Nora) h2874d Franklin Av. [Nonetheless, Eugene Goens reported his and his wife’s residence as Denver on her death certificate.]

As noted above, Nora Ward Goens died 3 November 1935. She was buried near her sister in Block 26 of Vermilion County’s enormous Springhill Cemetery.

National Indigenous Peoples Day 2021.

Several free families of color that lived in what is now Wilson County, including the Locuses and Lynches, were descended not only from African and European ancestors, but Native Americans as well. Black Wide-Awake remembers that this land belonged to the Tuscarora and other indigenous people and honors them today.

Dr. Darden makes good.

Wilson Daily Times, 29 September 1936.

“Darden and Family at Pharmacy.” This unattributed photo is posted at “First Black Doctor in Opelika, AL,” Valle Vision News blog, 22 February 2018. Dr. Darden is at center, with his wife Maude Jean Logan Darden to the left, standing in front of his Opelika pharmacy. The man at far right may be J.B. Darden, a pharmacist who worked in his brother’s shop before settling in Virginia.

Clipping courtesy of J. Robert Boykin III.

Sanders slain by Officer Hartis.

Wilson Daily Times, 2 October 1935.

In his 2005 memoir Son of the Rough South, journalist Karl Fleming painted a dark picture of police officer Philemon Ray Hartis in the late 1940s, a dozen years after he shot Ernest Sanders to death. In a chapter titled “My First Bad Cop,” Fleming introduced Hartis as the detective whose job it was to follow what was happening across the tracks in “n*ggertown” and in other pockets of the town’s demimonde, who ran white madames and black bootleggers as informants, who hoarded the dirty secrets of the white upper class, and who smacked around any black body he deemed deserving.

Earnest Sanders’ death was ruled a justifiable homicide, “shot by policeman.”

Sons and Daughters.

If you’re not already following his eponymous blog, David Cecelski’s recent series of posts on the Sons and Daughters of North Carolina is the perfect introduction. The Sons and Daughters, with chapters in at least six cities in in the Northeast, “did … a great deal to foster a sense of community for African Americans making their way in a strange new land for the first time,” serving as mutual aid societies, burial societies, and fund raisers. “At the same … wherever they were, [they] kept a close eye on events back in North Carolina and did what they could to support their kindred that were struggling to overcome Jim Crow, racial violence and oppression.”

In his final post, “All Roads Lead Back to North Carolina,” Cecelski noted that “[b]y 1970 approximately half of black adults born in the state of North Carolina lived in other states, and the largest number resided in or around New York City,” and cited my commentary on the ubiquity of New York cousins for everyone I knew in Wilson. (Surely somebody’s great-uncle was a dues-paying Son.)

Cecelski wraps the series by tracing the arc of life of a Brooklyn Daughter of North Carolina. His final sentences caught my breath. Welcome home, Naomi Hand Tyler.

Congrats and kudos to R.O.C.K. Foundation!

From today’s PreservationNC Instagram account, @presnc:

“Congratulations to the R.O.C.K. Foundation for winning this year’s Stedman Incentive Grant ($10,000) for the renovation of East Wilson’s Shotgun Houses!

“The Stedman Incentive Grant is awarded to recognize and assist non-profit organizations in their efforts to preserve the state’s architectural heritage. Established in 1976 by Marion Stedman Covington in memory of her father, the award is now funded each year by the Marion Stedman Covington Foundation. The $10,000 grant encourages and facilitates the rescue of endangered historic and architecturally significant properties in North Carolina.

“Rebirthing Our Cultural Kingdom Foundation, also known as the R.O.C.K. Foundation, was founded to celebrate, educate and preserve the cultural heritage of African American historic districts, with specific focus on the shotgun houses of the East Wilson Historic District. East Wilson’s shotgun houses were largely built around 1910, in the largest African American working-class district in North Carolina at the time. Despite today’s preservation efforts, over 200 shotgun houses have been demolished in the East Wilson Historic District since 1988.

“The R.O.C.K Foundation is renovating five shotgun houses, using the State’s income-producing historic tax credits. The houses will serve as rental properties for the first five years to adhere to the requirements of the tax credits. During that time, the R.O.C.K. Foundation plans to work with residents to promote homeownership in this heavily renter-occupied community. Adapting the houses into affordable housing solutions will help revitalize the local community and reposition the shotgun as a suitable, affordable and environmentally-friendly solution for contemporary housing needs.

“We can’t wait to see how this grant will help! Make sure to join us for our 2021 Preservation Honor Awards Ceremony on Friday, October 22nd at 1:30pm. Admission is free, but registration is required. Visit our website for more information: http://www.presnc.org”

Other suns: Michigan.

If World War II draft registrations are representative, migrants from Wilson County to Michigan landed overwhelmingly in Detroit.

  • Taylor, Kingsberry and Charity Jones Taylor, Allegan County, ca. 1855.
  • Williams, Mosley, Detroit, bef. 1924.
  • Hagans, Charles W., Battle Creek (from Pennsylvania), bef. 1930.
  • Perry, Nelson Jr., Detroit, bef. 1930.
  • Winn, Ernest, and Jesse Winn, Detroit, bef. 1930.
  • Pittman, Plummer, Detroit, bef. 1931.
  • Hines, Walter D., Detroit, late 1930s.
  • McCullers, Horace, Detroit (from Pennsylvania), 1930-1940.
  • Deans, Gray C., Detroit, bef. 1940.
  • Easton, Bennie, Detroit, bef. 1940.
  • Harris, Clarence, Detroit, bef. 1940.
  • Jackson, Alphonza, Detroit, bef. 1940.
  • Jones, Southen, Detroit, bef. 1940.
  • Lindsey, James W. and Roy J., Detroit, bef. 1940.
  • Sherwood (or Kittrell), William H., Detroit, bef. 1940.
  • Taylor, Moses, Detroit, bef. 1940.
  • Hines, C. Ray, Detroit, ca. 1941.
  • Bailey, Lonnie, Detroit, bef. 1942.
  • Barnes, Marvin, Detroit, bef. 1942.
  • Cone, Rader, Detroit, bef. 1942.
  • Gaffney, Sylvester O., River Rouge, bef. 1942.
  • Mayo, John E., Detroit, bef. 1942.
  • Moore, Absalom, Detroit, bef. 1942.
  • Rich, Willie J., Detroit, bef. 1942.
  • Richardson, John W., Detroit, bef. 1942.
  • Wellons, Julia Tart, Detroit, bef. 1944.