Month: November 2015

Rev. Owen L.W. Smith.

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The State Department was among the first agencies to appoint blacks to positions of prominence and one of the few to continue to do so beyond Reconstruction through World War I. African Americans were part of the diplomatic service on the ministerial level in Liberia and Haiti (where Frederick Douglass served, 1889-1891) and on the consular level in other countries. Four North Carolinians served as minister resident and consul general in Monrovia, Liberia. Owen Lun West Smith was the last in that line.

Owen L. W. Smith was born into slavery in Sampson County in 1851. He followed the Confederate Army as a personal servant but by war’s end had joined Federal forces and was part of Sherman’s army at Bentonville and the Grand Parade in Washington, D.C. He taught school briefly and studied at the University of South Carolina 1874-1876. In 1880 he was converted at a camp meeting and the next year began to preach. Active in the A.M.E. Zion Church, he served or built churches across eastern North Carolina and served as presiding elder, secretary of the Sunday School convention, private secretary to Bishop John Small, conference delegate, and corresponding editor of the Star of Zion.

In 1885 Smith took up a pastorate at St. John’s A.M.E. Zion in Wilson. In 1897, he sought the diplomatic post to Liberia and received endorsements from the state governor, attorney general, congressmen, and others. President William McKinley selected him from a field of forty-three applicants. During his first of four years in Liberia, Smith received an honorary doctorate from Livingstone College. When his posting ended, he returned to Wilson. He died there in 1926 and is buried in the Masonic cemetery.

Adapted from the website of North Carolina Historical Highway Marker Program.

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For more information about Reverend Dr. Smith’s life, see E. Renee Ingram, “Rev. Owen Lun West Smith: From Minister to Minister Resident and General Consul,” Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society Journal, volume 20, number 1 (2001).

Map of Wilson, 1882.

This is Gray’s New Map of Wilson, Wilson County, North Carolina, published in 1882:

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There, on the right edge of town, encircled here in red, is the sole reference to any building owned or occupied by African-Americans: “Col. Ch.” (Please click the image for a closer look.)

Don’t be mislead.

In 1880, town of Wilson had a population of 1475 of whom about 30% were black. The federal census of that year split the town and surrounding township into two enumeration districts, 303 and 304, and most African-Americans were clustered in neighborhoods in 304, south of the Plank Road (east of town limits), Nash Street (within town limits) and Nash Road (west of town limits). East Wilson, as we know it today, lay more than 25 years in the future, but black Wilsonians had begun to stake claim to the area east of the Wilmington & Weldon Railroad, as shown by the presence of a “colored church” on Pender Street, probably Saint John A.M.E. Zion.

[UPDATE, 23 Jan 2016: After publishing this, I returned to re-examine this map. Sure enough, at Tarboro, between Vance and Lee Streets, is “L. Tabourne” — Lemon Taborn’s house. My point yet stands.  — LYH]

He will attempt to pass for a free man.

The Star and North Carolina State Gazette 5 4 1833

The Star and North Carolina State Gazette, 4 May 1833

$25 Reward.

Eloped from my plantation on Tosnot, Edgecomb county, on the 19th instant, a negro man named BRYANT, 22 or 23 years old, five feet 9 or 10 inches high, stout built, quite yellow for the appearance of his hair, which is as knotty as the negroes usually is, long lips, large feet and long toes, has a down look when spoken to; had on when he went off dark clothes and a black forward hat. It is probable that he will procure papers and attempt to pass for a free man, as he has done the like before, and will probably skulk about Doct. Hall’s plantation near Tarborough until he is prepared to make his escape, as his father and mother live there. I will give the above reward to ay person who will confine him in jail so that I get him again, or deliver him to me at Stantonsburg.  WILLIE BROWNRIGG.

Stantonsburg, April 22, 1833

No. 6067.

From the records of the Freedmen’s Savings Bank, New Bern branch:

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Sixteen year-old John Barnes, newly arrived in New Bern from Wilson County, opened an account at the Freedmen’s Bank. His registration card speaks to a fractured family life. He had never been told his father’s name; his mother Nancy, uncle Gray and siblings Alfred and Lizzie were dead. I have been unable to identify with certainty any record of his grandmother Spicey Barnes‘ residence in “Wilson Town.”

Freedman’s Bank Records, 1865-1871 [database on-line], http://www.ancestry.com.

Where did they go?: Pennsylvania death certificates, no. 1.

The first in a series — Pennsylvania death certificates for Wilson County natives:

  • James I. Allen, Philadelphia

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James I. Allen appears in the 1880 census of Wilson, Wilson County, with parents West and Harriet Allen; siblings Boston, Susan, Cornelius, John, Lettice and Effie Allen; and grandmother Harriet Allen.

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1880 census, Wilson, Wilson County.

In 1894, James Allen and Clara Brown, below, were married by a Missionary Baptist minister in Wilson.

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  • Clara Brown Allen, Philadelphia

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  • William Anderson, Philadelphia

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  • James Artis, Whitesboro, New Jersey

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Per Wikipedia, “Whitesboro [New Jersey] was founded about 1901 by the Equitable Industrial Association, which had prominent black American investors including Paul Laurence Dunbar, the educator Booker T. Washington and George Henry White, the leading investor and namesake. He was an attorney who had moved to Philadelphia after serving as the last black Republican congressman representing North Carolina’s 2nd congressional district. White and his fellow entrepreneurs wanted to create a self-reliant community for blacks, without the discrimination faced the southern states. Shares in the planned community were sold to African Americans from North and South Carolina and Virginia.” Samuel H. Vick was an investor in Whitesboro.

  • Warren Barnes, Johnston, Cambria County

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This is possibly the five year-old Warren Barnes listed in the household of Peter, 32, and Lizzie Barnes, 34, in the 1880 census of Stantonsburg township, Wilson County.

The last will and testament of Hilliard Ellis.

In the name of God, Amen,

I, Hilliard Ellis, of the County of Wilson, and State of North Carolina, being of sound and disposing mind and memory, but considering the uncertainty of human life, and the certainty of death, do hereby make and declare this, my last will and testament in manner and form as following, to wit:

Item 1st I direct that, after the payment of all my just debts, and costs of administration, including the costs of my funeral and burial expenses and a proper tombstone, appropriate to the value of my estate, to mark my last resting place, all of my estate real and personal, go to, and I hereby devise and bequeath the same, to my beloved wife, Fereby Ellis, to have and to hold by her during her natural life or widowhood, and when or after she shall or may die or marry, then as hereinafter provided

Item 2nd After the death or marriage of my said wife, I direct that all my estate, real and personal, go, and I hereby devise and bequeath the same, to all my children now living or who hereafter may be born, before or after my death, share and share alike, subject to all such advances as I have made or may make during my life to any of said children, and excepting from the benefits, devises and bequests of this item my daughters Louisa and Adeline (hereinafter provided for) to have and to hold to my children and their heirs share and share alike in fee simple and absolutely with power and authority to sure for division all of said property after their mother’s death if a majority of said children should deem such sale necessary for a fair division thereof.

Item 3  I give and bequeath to my said daughters Louisa and Adeline Twenty-five dollars each to be out of and constitute a charge on first, any personal property and secondly any real estate, left and on hand after the death or marriage of my said wife.

Item 4  I give and bequeath to my daughter Mary Anne (afflicted by the visitation of God and therfore needing special provision) one hundred dollars in money to be paid after the death or marriage of my said wife, to be a charge first on the personal and then on the real estate herein before disposed of and existing at the death or marriage of my said wife.

Item 5  I desire that my said wife shall have to her own use, after the payment of all of my debts and burial expenses, all such personal property left by me at my death as would be consumed in its use, and I hereby bequeath the same to her absolutely to that end.

Item 6  It is my further will and desire, and I hereby direct, that all sums of money or property of any description, which I have given or loaned, or may hereafter give or loan, to any of my children shall be deemed and taken as so much advanced or paid them in satisfaction of their shares under this my will any excess over their proportionate share of the personalty to be charged upon and deducted from their shares of the realty and vice versa, this provision not to extend to the specific shares to my daughters Louisa, Adeline and Mary Anne.

For the present, I shall not appoint any executor or executrix to this, my last will and testament, but shall leave the administration of my estate to such person or persons as the law may select or as I may see proper to hereafter appoint by a codicil to this instrument. Witness my hand and seal this Nov. 3rd, 1883.  Hilliard (X) Ellis {seal}

Signed sealed and delivered and published this 3rd day of Nov. by said Hilliard Ellis, who made his mark thereto in our presence, we affixing our signatures as witness hereto in his presence and in the presence of each other.   /s/ G. Fulghum, B.J. Cobb

I have made advancement to three of my children as follows: to William Ellis $70.00, to George Ellis $50.00, and to Phillis Ellis $40.00, and I charge them 6% interest on the advancements from date.  This March 21st 1893   Hilliard (X) Ellis     Witness: J.D. Bardin

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Hilliard Ellis married Fereby Rountree circa 1848 and registered their 18-year cohabitation in Wilson County on 11 August 1866. As culled from census, marriage and death records, their children included: Louisa Ellis Rowe (1850-1924), Adeline Ellis Mitchell (circa 1853-??), Caroline “Carrie” Ellis Coleman Woodard (1854-1914); William Ellis (1856); George Ellis (1859-1941); Emma Ellis Bunn (1861-1937); Hilliard D. Ellis (1865-1924); Mary Anne Ellis (1866-??); Warren Ellis (1869-??); Phillis Ellis Barnes Hagans (1870-??); and Millie Ellis Smith Hunt (1874-??).

Hilliard Ellis died in 1900, and Hilliard Ellis Jr. was appointed executor of the estate. Here’s his inventory of his father’s personal property:

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Ellis Jr. sued for partition of the real property:

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Hilliard Ellis’ acreage, once several miles northwest of Wilson, is now inside city limits. The approximate location of his holdings is marked below:

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North Carolina, Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998 [database on-line], Ancestry.com.

 

Please send for your negro.

Mr. W.W. Batts

Please send for your Negro and get mine and bring her to your house, if you please, and I will come to your house this Evening.

Jany the 1 1860                           W.H. Edwards

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William Woodard Batts wrote on the back of the above letter: “Permit Lewis to carry this to W.H. Edwards, W.W. Batts”

Across the face of the letter he wrote: “Henry, I will do what this calls for. I will bring her as far as my house. W.W. Batts.”

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From The Confederate Letters of William Henry Edwards of Wilson County, North Carolina, Hugh B. Johnston, editor (1977).